of 4% paraformaldehyde. The lumbar enlargement (L4-L6) was harvested and
postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 6–8 h, then transferred to a 30% sucrose
solution and stored at 4°C, dehydrated and allowed to sink to the bottom. Twenty
micrometer-thick frozen sections were cut with a freezing microtome and blocked
in 10% donkey serum and 0.4% Triton X-100 in 0.01
sections were divided into six groups and incubated with primary antibodies at
4°C for 24 h. After washing three times with PBS, the sections were incubated
with secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. The primary antibodies
used in the present study were rabbit anti-p-PAK1 (1:1,000, Affinity, AF3424),
mouse anti-NeuN (1:1,000, MAB377, Millipore), goat anti-glial fibrillary acidic
protein (GFAP) (1:500, Abcam, ab53554), goat anti-Iba1 (1:300; Abcam, ab48004),
and rabbit anti-Rac1 (1:200, Affinity, AF4200), Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L
(Alexa Fluor® 488) (1:500, Abcam, ab150073), Donkey Anti-Goat IgG H&L (Alexa
Fluor® 594) (1:500, Abcam, ab150132), Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa
Fluor® 594) (1:500, Abcam, ab150108). Details can be found in a previous
work.36 (link) Images were obtained under a confocal laser scanning
fluorescence microscope (Olympus FV1000, Japan).