D8 advance powder xrd

To confirm phytosynthesis, the dark brown colloidal solution was analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy (Perkin-Elmer Ltd) between 200 and 800 nm.39 (link) After confirmation of phytosynthesis, the solution of PF@AgNPs was centrifuged for 20 min at 15,000 × g. The supernatant was removed and the pellet was redispersed in distilled water and centrifuged again for 20 min at 15,000 × g. This procedure was repeated for three times.40 (link) Finally, the pellet was collected and dried into a fine powder that was used for further analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of PF@AgNPs was carried out at 4000–500 cm⁻¹ using KBr pellets (Perkin-Elmer Ltd).41 (link) The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PF@AgNPs was recorded in the 2θ range of 10° to 90° using Bruker D8 Advance powder XRD (Bruker AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany).42 (link) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) were performed using a TGA-1 analyzer (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland).43 (link) The shapes and sizes of PF@AgNPs and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of PF@AgNPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).44 (link) The polydispersity index (PI) and zeta potential values were recorded using dynamic light scattering (DLS; Brookhaven Instruments).45 (link)

The crystalline
structures of the synthesized graphene samples were elucidated by
an X-ray diffractometer [Bruker, D8 Advance powder XRD] with Cu Kα
radiation (40 kV and 40 mA). A scanning electron microscope [Hitachi,
S-4800 FESEM] coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was
utilized to observe the microstructures and elemental composition
of the samples. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis
was performed on a Nicolet 5700 FT-IR spectrometer [Thermo Fisher]
with the standard KBr pellet method. UV–vis spectroscopy [Shimadzu,
model no-UV 1800] was used to detect the optical properties of the
synthesized graphene, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted
by a TGA/DSC 2 instrument [Mettler Toledo] with a flow rate of 60
mL/min and heating rate at 10 °C/min. Zeta potential was conducted
on triplicates using Zetasizer Nano ZS [Malvern Panalytical]. Raman
spectroscopy analysis was performed on a SENTERRA Raman spectrometer
[Bruker-Germany] with a 514.5 nm excitation wavelength and power output
of 10 mW at room temperature.