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21 protocols using methamphetamine hcl

1

Binge and Crash Methamphetamine Model in Mice

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“Binge and crash” use of METH is a prevalent form of chronic METH abuse in human METH users involving several drug administrations in a dose-escalation manner on a single day for several days (“binge” period) followed by a period of abstinence. To mimic the “binge and crash” pattern of METH abuse in humans, we have adopted a published “binge and crash” METH treatment model in mice34 (link). To induce “binge and crash” METH treatment, we randomly allocated 8- to 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to receive 0–6 mg/kg METH (methamphetamine HCl, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) via subcutaneous (s.c.) injection 5 days a week for 4 weeks as detailed in Supplementary Table 2. METH was dissolved in sterile saline solution (Sigma-Aldrich; 0.9% w/v NaCl). Vehicle-treated mice received the same volume of saline at all-time points for 4 weeks. All data were acquired following 4 weeks of experimental vehicle and METH administration, as outlined below.
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2

Methamphetamine Effects on Mouse Thermoregulation

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Adult wild-type and TH-HI mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups that would receive 4 injections of 0.9% saline, 5.0 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of (+)-Methamphetamine HCl (Sigma; dissolved in 0.9% saline). Treatments were administered through a subcutaneous injection, as previously described (Lohr et al. 2015 (link)). The first dose was administered 60 minutes after baseline core body temperature was measured using a rectal thermometer. Three additional equivalent doses followed, administered at 2-hour intervals (i.e. 180, 300, and 420 minutes following the initial injection). Core body temperature was measured at the time of each injection. Mice were sacrificed by rapid decapitation 48 hours following the first injection, and the striatum was dissected and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen for protein analyses by Western blot, using standard methods described above. The experimenter was blinded until the point of statistical analyses.
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3

Examining Neurotransmitter Modulation in Addiction

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Methamphetamine HCl (Sigma, St Louis, MO) was dissolved in 0.9%
sterile saline. For both systemic and intracranial administrations, oxytocin
(Cell Sciences, Canton, MA) was dissolved in 0.9% sterile saline, and
the mGluR2/3 antagonist LY341495 (Tocris bioscience, Bristol, UK) was first
dissolved in HCl and then saline. All drug doses were derived from previous work
from our laboratory and others. For systemic injections oxytocin was
administered at 1 mg/kg (Cox et al.,
2013
, Zhou et al., 2015 ; Leong et al., 2016 (link)) and LY341495 was
injected at 1 mg/kg (Scofield et al.,
2015
; Li et al., 2010). For intracranial administration, oxytocin was
infused at a concentration of 0.6nmol/0.25µl/side (Baracz et al., 2012 ; Cox et
al., 2017
). LY341495 was infused at a concentration of
1.3nmol/0.25µl/side based on a range of two efficient doses (Kim
et al, 2015; Richard and Berridge, 2011). Micro infusions
were made by inserting a 33-gauge stainless steel injector (Plastics One,
Roanoke, VA) into the guide cannulae. The injector was connected to a
polyethylene tube (PE-20) and fitted to a 1 µl Hamilton syringe
(Hamilton, NV, USA). Each rat received two consecutive microinjections of either
LY341495 or vehicle followed by oxytocin or saline over a 1 min period.
Injectors were left in place an additional minute to allow for diffusion.
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4

Methamphetamine-Induced Locomotion in Rats

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Following conditioned freezing, rats were again placed in the 76 cm × 76 cm × 46 cm open-field arenas for 30 min to re-habituate them. After 30 min, rats were briefly removed and administered (+)-methamphetamine HCl (1 mg/kg, freebase > 98% pure in 3 mL/kg saline, Sigma-Aldrich) subcutaneously and tested for an additional 120 min.
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5

Binge Methamphetamine Exposure in Mice

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Mice were exposed to methamphetamine according to a published protocol that models binge methamphetamine exposure in humans [14 ]. C57BL/6J male mice received 0–6 mg/kg METH (Methamphetamine HCl, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) through subcutaneous (s.c.) injection five days a week for four weeks. METH was dissolved in a sterile saline (Sigma-Aldrich) solution (0.9% w/v NaCl). Control cohort mice received the same volume of saline alone injection at all-time points for four weeks. METH–treated and saline–control mice were injected subcutaneously with either treatment in a volume of 125 μl (5 ml/kg) with an insulin syringe. Alternating sites of injection were used to avoid any possible damage to tissue and stress to the animal. The dose of METH was escalated over the course of the first cycle, which occurs during the first week of injections (days 1–5) followed by three weeks of repeated cycles of meth injections (days 8–12, 15–19, and 22–26). Mice received 4 injections per day, 2 h apart with doses of METH including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mg/kg subcutaneously as shown in Supplementary Fig. 2. At the end of the 4 weeks, mice were sacrificed by isoflurane overdose and plasma and tissue were collected.
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6

Methamphetamine Dose Preparation Protocol

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(+)-Methamphetamine HCl was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and was dissolved in sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). In the CPP experiment, METH was injected s.c. in a volume of 1 ml/kg body weight. In the self-administration experiment, METH was injected i.v. in a constant volume of 0.1 ml/infusion, with doses adjusted by varying the drug concentration. In both CPP and self-administration experiments, METH doses were expressed as salt weight.
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7

Methamphetamine-Induced Locomotor Activity

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On P117, rats were placed in 40 × 40 cm activity monitors (AccuScan Instruments, Columbus, OH) for 30 min to re-habituate them to the apparatus. Following this they were removed and administered (+)-methamphetamine HCl (1 mg/kg, freebase in 3 mL/kg, Sigma-Aldrich) s.c. and tested for an additional 120 min.
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8

Psychostimulant and Ethanol Administration

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Cocaine HCl and Methamphetamine HCl (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO) were dissolved in sterile saline and delivered intraperitoneally at appropriates doses in a volume of 10 ml/kg. Ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, 95%, density=0.816) was prepared in 20% (v/v) diluted in sterile saline and delivered intraperitoneally at appropriate doses. Vehicle (sterile saline) was intraperitoneally administered at 10 ml/kg as a control.
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9

Psychostimulant and Ethanol Administration

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Cocaine HCl and Methamphetamine HCl (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO) were dissolved in sterile saline and delivered intraperitoneally at appropriates doses in a volume of 10 ml/kg. Ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, 95%, density=0.816) was prepared in 20% (v/v) diluted in sterile saline and delivered intraperitoneally at appropriate doses. Vehicle (sterile saline) was intraperitoneally administered at 10 ml/kg as a control.
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10

Intravenous Methamphetamine Administration and Pharmacological Modulators

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(+)-Methamphetamine HCl (meth; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in sterile saline. The stimulant was self-administered at 0.1mg/kg/0.1ml intravenously (iv). Ro 60-0175 (Ro), SB 206553 (SB206), and SB 242084 (SB242) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO), dissolved in ddH20 as 1.0mM stock solutions, and added at appropriate concentrations to artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for electrophysiological studies, or assay buffer for biochemical studies.
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