Ex-4, nimodipine, Ex-9-39 and BayK-8644 were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), while TTX, Ryanodine, W-7 and U-73122 were from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA). NF-449 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) and C2 Ceramide from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). The others were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. nimodipine, Bis-IV, U-73122, Ryanodine, W-7, FK-506, OA, and C2 Ceramide were initially dissolved in DMSO for stock. The final concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1%, with no effects on the calcium currents of RGCs. All other drug solutions were prepared in ion-free water, stored at −20°C and freshly diluted to the final concentrations using extracellular or intracellular solutions. For topical ocular administration, Ex-4 and Ex-9-39 were dissolved in saline, and BayK-8644 was dissolved in 50% PEG-400 diluted with saline.
C2 ceramide
Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States
C2 ceramide is a synthetic short-chain ceramide compound. Ceramides are lipid molecules that play a role in cellular structure and signaling. C2 ceramide serves as a research tool to study the biological functions of ceramides in cellular systems.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nimodipine, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
Ryanodine, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
U73122, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Nf449, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Ptrchis topo vector, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Detoxi gel endotoxin removing resin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bradford assay kit, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Amicon ultra, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Etoposide, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Vosaroxin, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Ac220, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Calyculin a, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Sqstm1 p62, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
P mtors2448, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Atg5 atg12, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Ceramide mid 15b4, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Beclin 1, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Sphingosine 1 phosphate (s1p), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C6 ceramide, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)
Gata2, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
4 protocols using c2 ceramide
1
Neuromodulators and Calcium Signaling in Retinal Ganglion Cells
2
Purification and Characterization of Staphylococcal Toxins
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Wild-type β-toxin, SMase mutant, and biofilm ligase mutants were cloned into a pTrcHis TOPO vector (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) and purified as previously described (20 (link)). Following dialysis, proteins were treated with Detoxi-Gel endotoxin-removing resin (Thermo Scientific) to remove possible lipopolysaccharide contamination before concentration through an Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter (Merck Millipore, Germany). Protein concentrations were determined by the Bradford assay kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with staphylococcal enterotoxin B as a protein standard. C2 ceramide was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX.
3
Comprehensive Drug Screening Protocol
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Drugs and suppliers used in the study were as follows: 17-AAG, rapamycin, sorafenib, U0126 and torin 1 from LC labs (www.lclabs.com ); AC220 and vosaroxin from Selleck (supplied by Stratech UK); etoposide from Tocris; gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) was a gift from Wyeth, Pearl River USA. C2 ceramide and Calyculin A were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. Ly294006 was from Millipore, Watford, UK. Other drugs and reagents were from Sigma (Poole, Dorset, UK) unless specified.
4
Erythroid differentiation regulation
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Desmethylimipramine (desipramine), N,N′-Bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-3,3′-p-phenylene-bis-acrylamide dihydrochloride (GW4869), SMase from Staphylococcus aureus, C2 dihydroceramide, S1P, and BafA1 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bornem, Belgium), C2-ceramide from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Boechout, Belgium) and C6-ceramide from Enzo Life Sciences (Antwerp, Belgium). Human recombinant TNFα was kindly provided by Pr. Athanase Visvikis (Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France). Stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin (IL)-3 were purchased from ReliaTech (Wolfenbüttel, Germany). The erythroid differentiation is induced with human recombinant erythropoietin (Epoietin beta, Neorecormon Roche, Grenzach-Whylen, Germany). The primary antibodies used were directed against: GATA-1, GATA-2, PU.1, α-, β-, and γ-globin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), SphK1, PI3K, P-PI3KY458, AKT, P-AKTS473, P-ULK1S758, mTOR, P-mTORS2448, Atg7, Atg5-Atg12, Atg13, P-Atg13S355, Beclin-1, p62/SQSTM1 (Cell Signaling, Leiden, The Netherlands), LC3 (Sigma), Rubicon (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and ceramide MID 15B4 (Enzo Life Sciences, Antwerpen, Belgium), and the antibodies used for flow cytometry (CD235a/GPA, CD11b) were purchased from BD BioSciences (Erembodegem, Belgium).
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