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6 protocols using lupasol g100

1

Carbon Nanodisks Surface Modification

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Carbon nanodisks were purchased from Strem Chemicals, Inc. (Bischheim, France). Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) of 5,000 Da (PEI5K, Lupasol® G100, water-free, 99%) and 25,000 Da molecular weight (PEI25K, Lupasol® WF, water-free, 99%) was kindly donated by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). 1H-Pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sodium chloride (NaCl), tryptic soy broth (TSB), resazurin, glutaraldehyde (solution, 25%) and sodium cacodylate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (Poole, UK). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), low glucose with phenol red, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin, L-glutamine, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and trypsin/EDTA were obtained from Biowest (Nuaillé, France). Peptone from Casein was obtained from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany), while agar and lambda broth (LB) were purchased from MP Biomedicals (Illkirch, France). High purity solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%), ethanol (99.9%), methanol (≥99.8%) and isopropanol (99.8%) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Calbiochem®, Darmstadt, Germany).
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2

Lignosulfonate-Polyamine Composite Synthesis

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Example 1

Calcium lignosulfonate (Borrement CA 2120) was provided by Borregaard LignoTech. Sodium lignosulfonate was purchased from Aldrich, and ammonium lignosulfonate was obtained from TemBac.

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were obtained from Aldrich and showed a Mw of approx. 250 kDa, 100 kDa and 100 kDa, respectively.

The amine functional material such as hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) were obtained from Aldrich. Different types of polyethylenimines (Lupasol® EO, Lupasol® PS, Lupasol® P and Lupasol® G100), polyvinyl amines (Luredur® VM, Luredur® VH and Luredur® VI), were obtained from BASF Chemical Company, and polyetheramines (JeffamineED600, JeffamineEDR148, JeffamineT403) from Huntsman Holland BV.

The required amounts of polymer and lignosulfonate (LS) were dissolved in water individually. The required amount of polyamine functional compound was added to the LS solution followed by homogenization. The polymer solution and LS-amine solution were then combined at ambient temperature and stirred at 500 rpm for 30 minutes.

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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Targeted Polyplexes

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Tf-PEI and Mel-PEI conjugates were prepared as previously described. [17 (link)] Briefly, Tf was coupled to 5 k PEI (Lupasol® G100, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) via succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) to yield the Tf-PEI conjugate with a reducible disulfide bond. Similarly, cysteine modified melittin (Mel, Pepmic, Suzhou, China) was coupled to PEI via 4-polyethylene glycol-N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (PEG4-SPDP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) after masking of its lytic amine groups with 2,3-Dimethyl-maleic anhydride solution (DMMAn, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) to yield the pH-responsive Mel-PEI conjugate as described before.[21 ]
For Tf-Mel-PEI blend polyplexes, Tf-PEI and Mel-PEI were mixed in a 1:1 ratio and diluted in 5 % glucose. Defined amounts of siRNA were added to obtain specific amine to phosphate (N/P) ratios according to the following equation for calculating the mass of polymer required for 50 pmol siRNA: m (PEI in pg) = 50 pmol x 43.1 g/mol x N/P x 52 (protonable unit of PEI = 43.1 g/mol, number of nucleotides of 25/27mer siRNA = 52). Solutions were mixed by pipetting and incubated for 20 min at room temperature before proceeding with respective experiments.
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4

Nanocarrier-mediated Doxorubicin Delivery

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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes containing carboxyl groups > 8% w/w (CNTs), hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) of 5000 Da (Lupasol® G100, water-free, 99%) and 25,000 Da molecular weight (Lupasol® WF, water-free, 99%) and doxorubicin hydrochloride were kindly donated by Glonatech S.A (Athens, Greece), BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany) and Regulon S.A. (Athens, Greece), respectively. 1H-Pyrazole-1-carboxamidine hydrochloride, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), rhodamine B isothiocyanate and dialysis tubes (M.W. cut-off: 1200) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (Poole, UK). D-MEM low glucose with phenol red, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin, L-glutamine, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and trypsin/EDTA were purchased from Biochrom (Berlin, Germany). FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit with 7-AAD was purchased from BioLegend Way (San Diego, CA, USA). High-purity solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), diethyl ether, methanol and isopropanol were obtained from Merck KGaA (Calbiochem®, Darmstadt, Germany).
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5

Branched PEI Conjugation and siRNA Delivery

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Branched 5k Da bPEI (Lupasol® G100) and 25k Da bPEI (Lupasol® HF) were obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). PEGylated succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (PEG4-SPDP) and sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1,4-Dithio-DL-threitol (DTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), HEPES, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate (EDTA), picrylsulfonic acid solution (TNBS, 5% w/v), sodium pyruvate, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and glucose were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human holo-transferrin was obtained from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Cysteine modified TfR binding peptide HAIYPRH (Cys-His-Ala-Ile-Tyr-Pro-Arg-His) was synthesized by BACHEM Americas (Torrance, CA, USA) and THRPPMWSPVWP (Thr-His-Arg-Pro-Pro-Met-Trp-Ser-Pro-Val-Trp-Pro-Cys) was synthesized by the American Peptide Company (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) siRNA, amine modified eGFP siRNA, siRNA fluorescently labeled with Ty563 (siRNA-Ty563), human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) siRNA and scrambled siRNA were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA, USA), the sequence of siRNA see Table 1.
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6

Cucumber Seed Germination Optimization

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Materials: Glucose (G8270) and the 800 Da branched polyethylenimine (408719) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Saccharose (131621) was purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). The 2000 Da branched polyethylenimine (06089) was purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA, USA) and the 5000 Da branched polyethylenimine (Lupasol G100) was purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. “Bellpuig”) were purchased from Semillas Fitó (Barcelona, Spain).
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