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2 protocols using sodium fluoride

1

Reagent Procurement for Cell Culture Assays

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NS-398 was purchased from Alexis Deutschland GmbH (Grünberg, Germany). Aprotinin, Δ-glycerophosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), leupeptin, lovastatin lactone, luminal, mevastatin, p-coumaric acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), (R)-mevalonic acid lithium salt, sodium molybdate and sodium orthovanadate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was from Ferak (Berlin, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dithiothreitol (DTT), glycerol, p-nitrophenylphosphate, sodium chloride, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium fluoride were from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany) and GW9662 and Nonidet® P-40 from Enzo Life Sciences (Lörrach, Germany). Lovastatin hydroxy acid, sodium salt, was provided from Toronto Research Chemical (Toronto, Canada) and Triton® X-100, acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) and trifluoroacetic acid (analytical grade) from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Penicillin-streptomycin was from Invitrogen (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 4 mM L-glutamine and 4.5 g/L glucose was from Lonza (Cologne, Germany). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fetal calf serum (FCS) were obtained from PAN Biotech (Aidenbach, Germany).
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2

Protein Extraction and Detection Protocol

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Cultured cells were lysed in NOP buffer (10 mm Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 150 mm NaCl, 1 mm MgCl 2 , 1 mm CaCl 2 , 1% nonidet P40, 0.2% Triton X-100) supplemented with protease inhibitors [1 μm aprotinin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 1 mm pefabloc (Serva, Heidelberg, Germany), 2.5 μm soy bean trypsin inhibitor, 2.1 μm leupeptin (both Sigma-Aldrich)] and with phosphatase inhibitors [10 mm sodium fluoride (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany), 1 mm sodium orthovanadate, 25 mm β-glycerophosphate and 10 mm sodium pyrophosphate (all Sigma-Aldrich), 750 nm okadaic acid (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)]. Fifty micrograms of protein lysates were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Protran BA85, GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany). Proteins were visualized using the Odyssey Sa Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Bioscience, Lincoln, NE, USA) or enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL, Ther-moFisher Scientific). The quantification of the bands' intensities was calculated using the software ImageStudio (LI-COR, version 5.02).
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