Ms550d 22 55 mhz solid state transducer

In vivo cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and was conducted under anesthesia (0.8 liters/min, 1% vaporized isoflurane in 100% O₂) as described previously (Barefield et al., 2017 (link)). Echocardiography was performed using a Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 imaging system with a MS550D 22-55 MHz solid-state transducer (FujiFilm). Cardiac function was assessed using short-axis M-mode to measure left ventricular wall thickness and chamber diameter. Heart rate was maintained >450 beats per minute to minimize variability. Percent fractional shortening was calculated as: 100×[(LV diastolic diameter−LV systolic diameter)/LV diastolic diameter].

Echocardiography was conducted under anesthesia (0.8 L/min of 1.5% vaporized isoflurane in 100% O2) on a Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 imaging system with an MS550D 22–55 MHz solid-state transducer (FujiFilm, Toronto, ON, Canada). Longitudinal and circumferential strain measurements were calculated using parasternal long-axis and short-axis B-mode recordings of three consecutive cardiac cycles, analyzed by the Vevo Strain software (FujiFilm, Toronto, ON, Canada). Recording and analysis were conducted blinded to treatment group. Electrocardiography (EKG) was conducted without anesthesia on an ECGenie (Mouse Specifics, Inc., Framingham, MA). Mice were acclimated for 5-minutes preceding the 15-minute data collection period. Tracings analyzed in software provided (EzCG Signal Analysis Software). Cardiac mass was assessed at end of study with sacrifice. After excision heart was immediately washed in 10X Cardioplegia buffer to remove any excess blood and weighed.