Expertsurg lux

The animals were anesthetized using intravenous injections of tiletamine/zolazepam (5 mg/kg, Virbac, Carros, France), xylazine (2.3 mg/kg, Bayer Korea, Ansan, Korea), and 0.05 mg/kg atropine sulfate during the surgical procedures. All procedures related to general anesthesia were performed by a veterinarian. Complementary local anesthesia was conducted at the mandibular third premolar area with 2% lidocaine HCl with epinephrine (1:1,000,000, Huons, Seongnam, Korea). The third premolars were hemisectioned in the buccolingual direction of the teeth with a diamond fissure bur and atraumatically extracted using an elevator and forceps without flap reflection (Figure 1E and F). The apical portion of the extraction socket was prepared at the mesial root site to place the 3D-printed implants, which were 2 mm longer than the corresponding teeth of the mesial root using a 2.3-mm-diameter drill with a motor-driven handpiece (EXPERTsurg™ LUX, KaVo, Warthausen, Germany) (Figure 1G). One of the 2 types of 3D-printed implant (lattice type or solid type) was randomly placed at each of the left or right sides of the mandible according to a random sequence generated before surgery. The 3D-printed implant heads were directly tapped using a surgical mallet. The protective cap was attached to the adjacent teeth using resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GC FujiCEM®2, Tokyo, Japan) (Figure 1).