Jem 1011ex instrument

TEM analysis was used to investigate the intracellular localization of the DMSA-Fe₃O₄ inside the cells. The cells were seeded on a six-well plate at a density of 5.0×10⁵ cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Then the cells were exposed to the DMSA-Fe₃O₄ (60 mg/L) for 24 hours. At the predetermined time, the cells were collected, washed three times with PBS, pelleted using centrifugation, and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours. After pellets were washed by PBS, postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide was performed. Finally, the pellets were dehydrated with an ascending series of alcohols before embedding the samples in araldite. The specimens were cut into ultrathin sections (50–70 nm), which were placed onto copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The ultrastructural analysis was performed using a JEM-1011EX instrument (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).

The TEM analysis was used to investigate the uptake and intracellular localization of the GNPs inside the cells. The cells were seeded on 6-well plates at a density of 5×10⁵ cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Then, the cells were exposed to the GNPs (50 nM) for 24 hours. At the predetermined time, the cells were collected, washed three times with PBS, pelleted using centrifugation, and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 hours. After pellets were washed by PBS, the postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide was performed.
Finally, the pellets were dehydrated with an ascending series of alcohols before embedding the samples in Araldite^® (Huntsman Advanced Materials, The Woodlands, TX, USA). The specimens were cut into ultrathin sections (50~70 nm), which were placed onto copper grids and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The ultrastructural analysis was performed using a JEM-1011EX instrument (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).