Interleukin il 17

The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, United States of America). The standard substance, including xanthine, hypoxanthine, inosine, uracil, and uridine, were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). TNBS (lot, No. SLBP0889V) was purchased from Sigma Company (United States of America). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (lot, No. 20161128), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (lot, No. 20161128), interleukin (IL)-17 (lot, No. 20161128), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (lot, No. 20161128), corticosteroids (CORT) (lot, No. 20161101), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (lot, No. 20161101) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (lot, No. 20161101) were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Salazosulfapyridine (SASP) (lot, No. SLBP0889V), a sulfonamides antimicrobial drug, was purchased from Xinyi Shanghai Balance Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. CD3-FITC (Cat#554832), CD4-PE (Cat#553730), CD8-APC (Cat# 553035), CD25-BV421 (Cat# 564571) and red blood cell lysis buffer (Cat# 349202) were selected from BD Biosciences.

Pectin extracted from citrus peel (Henan Yuzhong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China) mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (white powder, with purity of > 81.4%, DM: 13.5%). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a β-1,4-multi-bonded linear carbohydrate consisting of glucose residues with 99.5% purity. (Beijing NCC Technology R&D Center, China). Reference standards for tryptophan (Trp), tryptamine (Tpm), 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) and kynurenine (Kyn) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (HIAA) and skatole (ST) were obtained from Cato Research Chemicals Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA); 3-indolylpropionic acid (IPA) and serotonin (5-HT) were from Laboratory of the Government Chemist (Teddington, UK) and Beijing Wokai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China), respectively. Assay kits, including interleukin IL-17, IL-22 were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Jiangsu, China).