Discovery wi system

A DXA scan (Discovery Wi System, Hologic Inc, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to assess the body composition. A 3-compartment model was used for estimating whole body fat, LBM, and mineral density using the software provided by the manufacturer (QDR software version 13.4.1; Hologic Inc, Bedford, MA, USA). Patients were clinically euvolemic at the time of DXA scans. Diuretics were prescribed for patients who presented with edema, and measurements were done when they were euvolemic. The TNF-α level was measured by a commercially available ELISA (Quantikine HS human TNF-α Immunoassay kit, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

A certified densitometry technician with 4-years experience executed all anthropometric parameter measurements and the DXA test. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the formula: BMI = body weight (kg)/[height (m)]^{2 (link)}. The BMD of the first to the fourth lumbar vertebra (L1–L4) was measured using a DXA scanner of the Hologic Discovery Wi system (software V13.3.0) with an array mode (60 s, 1 mm collimator). T scores were calculated based on the Asia reference data.