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11 protocols using krt10

1

Immunostaining of Paraffin Sections

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Paraffin-embedded sections were immunostained with antibodies directed against ARNT (SC-8076; Santa Cruz), filaggrin, HIF1α (Ab2185; Abcam), HIF2α (NB100-132; Novus), IVL, Ki67 (Novocastra), KRT1, KRT6, KRT10, and LOR (Covance unless otherwise noted). Antibody binding was detected using DAB (Vector Labs) or AlexaFluor 488 anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (Invitrogen).
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Skin Sections

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Fresh frozen OCT 10 µM sections were incubated in acetone at −20 °C for 10 min, washed with TBS, fixed in 4% PFA for 10 min, and then washed with TBS three times. Tissues were then permeabilized using TBS with 0.3% TritonX-100 for 10 min and blocked in TBS with 0.5% BSA for 1 h. Primary antibodies, Krt14 (Abcam) and Krt10 (Covance), were diluted 1:1000 and incubated overnight at 4 °C. Secondary antibodies (Abcam, Life Technologies) were diluted 1:1000 and incubated at RT for 1 h. Images were acquired using a Keyence BZ-X700 fluorescent microscope. Fiji was used for image analysis.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Tissue Samples

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Immunofluorescence stainings for LOR (Covance, Berkeley, CA, USA), KRT5 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), KRT10 (Covance) and rabbit IgG isotype control (Thermofisher, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) were performed on 5 μm sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples as described previously [47 (link)].
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4

Skin Immunostaining Protocol

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Skin samples were collected at designated times and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight. Paraffin sections 8 mm thick were collected for staining. For immunofluorescence, a Cy3-conjugated secondary antibody was used and counterstained with 1 mg/ml 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole in phosphate buffered saline. For immunohistochemistry, a horseradish peroxidaseeconjugated secondary antibody and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole substrate was used. Antibodies used were Krt17, Krt6a (BBI), Krt10 (Covance, Hong Kong, China), Ki67, and p53 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX).
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5

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cultured Cells

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Cells were fixed with 4% cold paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes, permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 10% horse serum (Vector Laboratories) in 0.2% Triton X-100 for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were incubated, shaking, overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies. Primary antibodies used in this study are: Gibbin/AHDC1 (1:25, Abcam), KRT14 (1:400, BioLegend), ITGA6 (1:200, Millipore, MAB1378), IVL (1:100, Abcam), DSG3 (1:100, Thermo Fishers), KRT10 (1:500, Covance), COL7A1 (1:250, Millipore), HP1a (1:1000 Santa Cruz), and p63 (1:100 GeneTex). Cells were then incubated with Alexa 488, 555, or 647-conjugated secondary antibodies diluted with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS (1:500, Life Technologies) for 1.5 hours at room temperature. Slides were washed three times in PBS, incubated with Hoescht (1:10,000, Life Technologies) for 15 minutes, and mounted onto slides with Prolong Gold (Life Technologies). All fluorescence images were taken using an SP5 confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica) using the Leica Application Suite for Advanced Fluorescence software version 2.7.9. Live cell images were taken with a Leica Live Cell Camera. All images are representative of 10-20 random views of each sample. HP1α foci were quantified and analyzed with a custom python script.
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6

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Epidermal Markers

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Ten-micrometer cryosections were washed twice in PBS containing 0.15% glycine and 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 5 min followed by three 5 min washes in PBS. Sections were blocked with 2% BSA at room temperature followed by incubation with the primary antibody in PBS with 0.03% Tween-20 (PBST) containing 0.5% BSA overnight at 4 °C. The primary antibodies used were as follows: Krt15 (1:500, Covance; Princeton, NJ), Krt14 (1:500, Covance), Pax6 (1:300, Covance), Krt4 (1:150, Novus Biologicals, LLC; Littleton, CO), Krt10 (1:500, Covance), and Ki67 (1:100, eBioscience, Inc.; San Diego, CA). Proteins were visualized with indirect immunofluorescence with appropriate secondary antibody conjugates containing AlexaFluor® 555, AlexaFluor® 488, or AlexaFluor®647 (Life Technologies; Grand Island, NY). All samples were counterstained with 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) for nuclei and observed using a Zeiss Observer Z1 microscope (Carl Zeiss; Oberkochen, Germany).
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7

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Primary antibodies used were directed against ARNT (NB100-110; Novus), β-actin (Sigma), filaggrin, IVL, HIF1α C-Term (Cayman), HIF2α (NB100-122; Novus), KRT5, KRT10, and LOR (Covance unless otherwise noted).
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8

Immunostaining of Paraffin Sections

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Paraffin-embedded sections were immunostained with antibodies directed against ARNT (SC-8076; Santa Cruz), filaggrin, HIF1α (Ab2185; Abcam), HIF2α (NB100-132; Novus), IVL, Ki67 (Novocastra), KRT1, KRT6, KRT10, and LOR (Covance unless otherwise noted). Antibody binding was detected using DAB (Vector Labs) or AlexaFluor 488 anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (Invitrogen).
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9

Histological Analysis of Murine Skin

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Fixed murine skin was embedded in paraffin, and tissue sections were deparaffinized and stained with H&E for histological analysis. Epidermal and scale thickness and cell infiltrate number were analysed as parameters of skin acanthosis and inflammation. Average epidermal and scale thickness was quantified by a researcher blind to the experimental groups who took five measurements per three sections for each mouse. Cells infiltrating dermis were also counted in three skin sections for each mouse. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using primary Abs against CD3 (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), Ly6G, CD11c, and CD11b (BD Biosciences), Ki67 (Novocastra, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK), KRT10 (Covance), phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) and phospho-STAT1 (Tyr701) (both from Cell Signaling), IL-17A (R&D Systems) and IL-22 (Novus Biologicals, Oakdille, Canada), and immunoreactivities developed with secondary biotinylated mAbs and staining kits (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Sections were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin and were visually analysed by two pathologists experienced in dermatology. Positivity was evaluated in 5 adjacent fields at a magnification of 200x. A semiquantitative, four-stage scoring system was applied, ranging from negative immunoreactivity (0) to strong immunoreactivity (4+) for KRT10 in the epidermis.
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10

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Primary antibodies used were directed against ARNT (NB100-110; Novus), β-actin (Sigma), filaggrin, IVL, HIF1α C-Term (Cayman), HIF2α (NB100-122; Novus), KRT5, KRT10, and LOR (Covance unless otherwise noted).
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