Poremaster gt 60

The physical parameters of the 3D-printed Ti₆Al₄V implants were determined using the following methods. The true density was measured using a helium gas pycnometer (AccuPyc 1330 Gas Pycnometer; Micromeritics Instruments, Norcross, GA, USA) [46 (link)]. The specific surface area was calculated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method with krypton (the Kr-BET method), as reported elsewhere [47 (link)]. The porosity was analysed using a mercury porosimeter (PoreMasterGT 60, Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL, USA) [48 (link)], and the mechanical strength was determined using a mechanical testing system (Landmark, MTS Inc., Eden Prairie, MN, USA). Compression tests were performed at an initial strain rate of 10⁻³ s⁻¹ at room temperature [49 (link)]. Samples were measured in triplicate.

Pore properties and pore size distribution of potato slices (U0F0, U1F0, and U2F0) and fried samples (U0F1, U1F1, and U2F1) were measured by MIP, and a mercury porosimeter (Poremaster GT-60, Quantachrome Instruments, U.S.A.) was used to determine the pore characteristics according to the methodology implemented by Zhang et al. [29] with small revision. Before analyzing pore characteristics, samples have to be dehydrated and deoiled. These samples were dehydrated using freeze-drying, and then deoiled using Soxhlet method. After draining oil and water, the samples (the weight about 5 g) were placed in the penetrometer. Firstly, the penetrometer assembly was loaded in the low-pressure port. Secondly, residual air of potato chips was evacuated and the initial mercury intrusion subsequently took place. Finally, the penetrometer was transferred into the high-pressure port. Pressure ranged from 0.006 MPa to 69.431 MPa. The generated data was output and performed with Porowin software.