Foetal bovine serum (fbs)

Manufactured by Nacalai Tesque

Sourced in Japan

Foetal bovine serum is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. It provides a rich source of proteins, growth factors, and other nutrients essential for the in vitro cultivation of various cell types.

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6 protocols using foetal bovine serum (fbs)

Establishment and Characterization of Oral Cancer Cell Lines

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ORL-48, ORL-204 and ORL-188 oral cancer cell lines isolated respectively from gingiva (gum), buccal mucosa (lining of the cheeks and back of the lips) and tongue were obtained from Cancer Research Malaysia (Subang Jaya, Selangor). These cells were established from surgically resected specimens obtained from untreated primary human oral squamous cell carcinomata of the oral cavity as in vitro models to study a disease prevalent in Asia. Their growth characteristics, epithelial origin and molecular alterations were previously characterized (24 (link), 25 (link)). Genetic information and clinical data associated with these ORL cell lines are available at https://genipac.cancerresearch.my/ (26 (link)). ORL-48, ORL-204 and ORL-188 cells were cultured and maintained in DMEM/F-12 medium (Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (Nacalai Tesque Inc.) and 0.1% penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck) at 37 °C and 5% CO₂.

Yap H.Y., Kong B.H., Yap C.S., Ong K.C., Zain R.B., Tan S.H., Zaini Z.M., Ng S.T., Tan C.S, & Fung S.Y. (2022). Immunomodulatory Effect and an Intervention of TNF Signalling Leading to Apoptotic and Cell Cycle Arrest on ORL-204 Oral Cancer Cells by Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 60(1), 80-88.

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Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of ZnO Nanoparticles

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Zinc acetate dihydrate, foetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Commercial zinc oxide nanoparticles (referred to as Std-ZnO-NPs in this study) with particle size < 100 nm, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were received from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Curcumin (>97.0%) was received from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Bacterial culture media were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Gentamycin sulfate was received from Biobasic (Markham, ON, Canada). Escherichia coli [E. coli (ATCC 25922)], Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus (ATCC 25923)], Klebsiella pneumonia [k. pneumonia (BAA-1705)] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA (ATCC 33591)] were obtained from American type culture collection (ATCC).

Alallam B., Doolaanea A.A., Alfatama M, & Lim V. (2023). Phytofabrication and Characterisation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Pure Curcumin. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 269.

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Cell Culture Protocols for Neuroblastoma

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The human neuroblastoma cell lines (NB1, NB39-nu, IMR32, and SH-SY5Y) were provided by A. Nakagawara, T. Ushijima, and N. Hattori. HCT116 cells were provided from B. Vogelstein. TIG-7 and PC3 cells were provided from JCRB (Japan). H3122 cells were provided from W. Pao. SUP-M2 cells were provided from DSMZ (Germany). NB1, NB39-nu, IMR32, SH-SY5Y, PC3, H3122 and SUP-M2 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Nacalai Tesque, Japan) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (GIBCO, USA) and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. HCT116 and TIG-7 cells were cultured in DMEM (high-glucose) medium (Nacalai Tesque, Japan) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin at 37 °C in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. All cell lines were tested for mycoplasma contamination.

Miyazaki M., Otomo R., Matsushima-Hibiya Y., Suzuki H., Nakajima A., Abe N., Tomiyama A., Ichimura K., Matsuda K., Watanabe T., Ochiya T., Nakagama H., Sakai R, & Enari M. (2018). The p53 activator overcomes resistance to ALK inhibitors by regulating p53-target selectivity in ALK-driven neuroblastomas. Cell Death Discovery, 4, 56.

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Transdermal Delivery of Gamma-Tocotrienol

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TRF and the gamma-T3 standard were obtained from ExcelVite Sdn Bhd, Perak, Malaysia. Phosphatidylcholine from Soy Lecithin was purchased from MP Biomedicals, USA Cholesterol was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Ethanol, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-pH 7.4 Tablets), and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK. The Strat-M V R membrane and the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reagent were purchased from Millipore, Merck Germany. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), polysorbate 80, penicillin-streptomycin (1%), and foetal bovine serum were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Japan. The HaCat cells were obtained from the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Nair R.S., Billa N., Leong C.O, & Morris A.P. (2021). An evaluation of tocotrienol ethosomes for transdermal delivery using Strat-M^® membrane and excised human skin. Pharmaceutical development and technology, 26(2).

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Neuroblastoma Cell Line SK-N-SH Cultivation

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The neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH (ATCC^® HTB-11^TM), was purchased from American Type Cell Culture (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA). Cell culture flasks, serological pipettes, and microplates were obtained from Techno Plastic Products (Trasadingen, Switzerland). Minimum essential medium (MEM) culture media, penicillin/streptomycin, 0.25% trypsin, foetal bovine serum (FBS) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). IR, PI3K, GLUT3, GLUT4, GSK3β, TAU and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) primers were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA, USA). TBE buffer, TAE buffer and agarose powder were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Insulin and human recombinant E. coli were purchased from BioVision (San Francisco, CA, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) powder was purchased from PhytoTechnology Laboratories (Flint St, KS, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and vitamin D in the form of vitamin 1,25(OH)₂D₃ were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) was supplied by Gold Tri E70 TRF, Sime Darby Research (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). The TRF content (25% α-tocopherol and 75% tocotrienols) and its purity were confirmed by our previous studies [22 (link),23 (link)].

Zaulkffali A.S., Md Razip N.N., Syed Alwi S.S., Abd Jalil A., Abd Mutalib M.S., Gopalsamy B., Chang S.K., Zainal Z., Ibrahim N.N., Zakaria Z.A, & Khaza’ai H. (2019). Vitamins D and E Stimulate the PI3K-AKT Signalling Pathway in Insulin-Resistant SK-N-SH Neuronal Cells. Nutrients, 11(10), 2525.

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Lipid Metabolism Regulation Protocol

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Ethyl acetate, iron(II) sulphate, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and chloroform were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Leicester, UK), while low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Quercetin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase assay kit and formaldehyde were from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell culture medium such as Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin were from Nacalai Tesque (Tokyo, Japan). Palmitic acid and Oil Red O (ORO) were from Acros Organics (New Jersey, NJ, USA). Lastly, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK).

Abrahim N.N., Aminudin N, & Abdul-Rahman P.S. (2023). Ficus deltoidea Leaf Alters Oxidative Stress, Protein Homeostasis and Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Fatty Acid-Induced Cell Line. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 61(2), 191-201.

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