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Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) is a widely used cell culture medium formulation. It provides the necessary nutrients and components to support the growth and maintenance of a variety of cell types in vitro. The core function of DMEM is to create a suitable environment for cell cultivation and experimentation.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (220 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (181 mentions) Penicillin, by Merck Group (92 mentions) Streptomycin, by Merck Group (91 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Merck Group (86 mentions) L glutamine, by Merck Group (75 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (71 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (60 mentions) Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (60 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (59 mentions) Trypsin, by Merck Group (45 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Merck Group (42 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (35 mentions) Trypsin edta solution, by Merck Group (30 mentions) 3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Merck Group (30 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (26 mentions) Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (26 mentions) Insulin, by Merck Group (23 mentions) L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (23 mentions) Rpmi 1640, by Merck Group (21 mentions)

1 026 protocols using dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

1

Culturing Oral Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes

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The oral fibroblasts were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Sigma, Dorset, United Kingdom), supplemented with 2% L-glutamine (Sigma, Dorset, United Kingdom), 100 IU/100 mg ml-1 penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma, Dorset, United Kingdom), and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (Sigma, Dorset, United Kingdom).
The OKF6/TERT-2 human oral keratinocyte cells were cultured in Green’s medium, which consists of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and Ham’s F12 medium in a 3:1 ratio, and is supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor, 0.4 µg/mL hydrocortisone, 0.1 mM adenine, 5 µg/mL insulin, 5 µg/mL transferrin, 0.2 µM triiodothyronine, 2 mg/mL L-glutamine, 50 U/mL penicillin, and 50 U/mL streptomycin. All the agents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, United Kingdom). Since live bacteria were not used in this study, the use of antibiotics in the cell culture medium would have minimal impact on the results.
The THP-1 monocytes were cultured in RPMI 1640 culture medium (Sigma, Dorset, United Kingdom) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 10% FCS.
Cultures were maintained in the incubators at 37 °C and 5% CO2. The cells were cultured until 80–100% confluency was achieved.
Barker E., AlQobaly L., Shaikh Z., Franklin K, & Moharamzadeh K. (2020). Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study. Dentistry Journal, 8(3), 72.
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2

Characterization of PM2.5-Induced Oxidative Stress

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Dimethyl sulfoxide, hydroxylamine·hydrochloride, phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride, thiobarbituric acid, metaphosphoric acid, o-phthaldialdehyde, bovine serum albumin, HEPES, digitonin, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbo-cyanine iodide (JC-1), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, egtazic acid (EGTA), malate, pyruvate, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, protease inhibitor, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin, 2′,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and solvents were purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). A superoxide dismutase (SOD) determination kit was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies (Kumamoto, Japan). An ATP bioluminescence assay kit was purchased from Promega Corp. (Madison, WI, USA). PM2.5 (mean diameter: 1.06 μm) was purchased from Power Technology INC. (Arizona Test Dust (ATD), Arden Hills, MN, USA). The components of PM2.5 are presented in Table 1.
Kim J.M., Kang J.Y., Park S.K., Moon J.H., Kim M.J., Lee H.L., Jeong H.R., Kim J.C, & Heo H.J. (2021). Powdered Green Tea (Matcha) Attenuates the Cognitive Dysfunction via the Regulation of Systemic Inflammation in Chronic PM2.5-Exposed BALB/c Mice. Antioxidants, 10(12), 1932.
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3

Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Assays

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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin mixture were obtained from Millipore Sigma (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT; cat. no. M5655), neutral red solution (cat. no. N2889), mirtazapine (cat. no. M0443), hydrocortisone (cat. no. H0888), hydrogen peroxide (30%; Perhydrol™; cat. no. 1.07209), Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS; cat. no. 129925) and low melting point (LMP) agarose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). SYBR® Gold solution was obtained from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). Normal Melting Point (NMP; SeaKem LE agarose) agarose was supplied by Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). Formamidopyrimidine-DNA Glycosylase (FPG) enzyme was obtained from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA).
Correia A.S., Fraga S., Teixeira J.P, & Vale N. (2022). Cell Model of Depression: Reduction of Cell Stress with Mirtazapine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(9), 4942.
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4

Diospyrin-mediated Cellular Responses

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), FBS, penicillin, streptomycin, PBS, and other cell culture reagents were purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Diospyrin was isolated from Diospyros lotus by Dr. Inamullah Khan. Multiplex cytokine assay kits were purchased from Millipore. The Fluo-4 calcium assay kit was supplied by Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Real-time RT-PCR kits were ordered from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Phospho-p38 MAPK Antibody (T180/Y182) (eBioscience 17-9078-42) and Mouse IgG2b kappa Isotype Control (eBioscience 12-4732-81) were obtained from Life Technologies Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA). All other solutions for flow cytometric analysis were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Shahidullah A., Lee J.Y., Kim Y.J., Halimi S.M., Rauf A., Kim H.J., Kim B.Y, & Park W. (2020). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diospyrin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Using RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages. Biomedicines, 8(1), 11.
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5

Cyclodextrin-Enhanced Dexamethasone Formulation

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Deuterated water (D2O, 99.9%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 99.9%) were purchased from Deutero GmbH (Kastellaun, Germany). Additionally, 2-Methyl- β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) was kindly provided by Roquette Italia (Alessandria, Italy; MW 1191 g/mol, degree of C2 substitution ~0.5, corresponding to ~4 methyl groups per cyclodextrin molecule). Dexamethasone (Dex), acetic acid, thiourea (≥99.0%), hydrochloric acid 37%, acetone (≥99.0%), Sephadex® G-15 resin and mucin from porcine stomach type II were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
The fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 10% calf bovine serum, trypsin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Grassiri B., Cesari A., Balzano F., Migone C., Kali G., Bernkop-Schnürch A., Uccello-Barretta G., Zambito Y, & Piras A.M. (2022). Thiolated 2-Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin as a Mucoadhesive Excipient for Poorly Soluble Drugs: Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers, 14(15), 3170.
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6

Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Assays

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We obtained an In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit (Fluorescein), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), indomethacin, quercetin, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), DNase, and other reagents and chemicals from Sigma–Aldrich, Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). We obtained Muse Caspase-3/9 Assay Kits and the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK from Millipore, Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). We obtained dihydroethidium, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)], and MitoSOX from Molecular Probes, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). We purchased L-glutamine, fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin-EDTA, and penicillin/streptomycin from HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Logan, UT, USA).
Chen C., Yang J.S., Lu C.C., Wu Y.T, & Chen F.A. (2021). Effect of Quercetin on Injury to Indomethacin-Treated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Life, 11(11), 1134.
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7

Culturing Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines

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A panel of seven human pancreatic cancer cell lines (HPCCLs) was used in this study including BxPC-3, Capan-1, FA-6, Panc-1, Mia-Paca-2, Hs766T and CF-PAC-1. All cell lines were cultured routinely at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere (5% CO2) as described previously (15 (link),28 (link)). BxPC-3, Capan-1 and FA-6 were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), Panc-1, Mia-Paca-2 and Hs766T were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Merck) and CF-PAC-1 was cultured in Iscove's modified medium each supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (heat inactivated) (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), antibiotics penicillin (50 µg/ml), streptomycin (50 µg/ml) and neomycin (50 µg/ml) (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA). RPMI-1640 and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium were supplemented with 2 and 8 mM L-glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) respectively.
Khan T., Seddon A.M., Dalgleish A.G., Khelwatty S., Ioannou N., Mudan S, & Modjtahedi H. (2020). Synergistic activity of agents targeting growth factor receptors, CDKs and downstream signaling molecules in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines and the identification of antagonistic combinations: Implications for future clinical trials in pancreatic cancer. Oncology Reports, 44(6), 2581-2594.
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8

Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting for GFP

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To separate and collect GFP-positive (GFP+) and GFP-negative (GFP-) fractions, the cell suspension was passed through a MoFlo TM XDP fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) (Beckam Coulter) equipped with a 488 nm air-cooled argon solid state laser and a standard filter setup. An IsoFlow™ solution (Beckman Coulter) was used as the sheath fluid; the pressure of the sheath fluid was 60 psi, and the nozzle size was 70 μm. To minimize RNA degradation and keep cells alive, the sorted cells were collected directly into sterile 5-mL polypropylene tubes with Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium (DMEM) (Merck). Moreover, after acquiring 100,000 events the tube was transferred on ice and replaced by a new one. Flow rate and the concentration of samples were adjusted to keep the acquisition lower than 500 events/s. The sorting procedure was stopped after acquiring 500,000 GFP+ cells. The settings used for the sorting were determined empirically and are provided as supporting information (S1 File). Immediately after the sorting procedure we isolated RNA from both GFP+ cells as well as unsorted material derived from the kidney tissue.
Kasica-Jarosz N., Podlasz P, & Kaleczyc J. (2018). Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP-38) plays an inhibitory role against inflammation induced by chemical damage to zebrafish hair cells. PLoS ONE, 13(6), e0198180.
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9

SARS-CoV-2 Virus Production in Vero E6 Cells

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Vero E6 cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Merck) supplemented with 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Merck), 1% nonessential amino acids (Merck), 4 mM l-glutamine (Merck), 50 μg/mL gentamicin (PanReac), 0.2 μg/mL antifungal (Sigma), and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sigma). Cells were cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2, and they were periodically thawed from a large frozen stock and passaged a maximum of 30 times at a split ratio of 1:6 to 1:8.
The virus used in the experiments was USA-WA1/2020, NR-52281 (deposited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH) (SRA accession no. NR-52281_70036318). To prepare a virus stock, 3 × 106 Vero E6 cells were infected with the virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 PFU/cell in DMEM supplemented with 25 mM HEPES (PanReac) and 2% FBS, and the infection was allowed to proceed for 48 h at 37°C. The titer of the viral stock was 1 × 107 PFU/mL. Virus infections were performed following standard procedures using closed flasks. To control for the absence of contamination, the supernatants of mock-infected cells, which were maintained in parallel with the infected cultures, were titrated; no infectivity in the mock-infected cultures was detected in any of the experiments.
Somovilla P., García-Crespo C., Martínez-González B., Soria M.E., de Ávila A.I., Gallego I., Mínguez P., Durán-Pastor A., Ferrer-Orta C., Salar-Vidal L., Esteban-Muñoz M., Zuñiga S., Sola I., Enjuanes L., Esteban J., Fernandez-Roblas R., Gadea I., Gómez J., Verdaguer N., Domingo E, & Perales C. (2023). Atypical Mutational Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Replicating in the Presence of Ribavirin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 67(1), e01315-22.
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10

Culturing Human Cell Lines and Neutralizing IL-6

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We purchased SAS, a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line, from the RIKEN Cell Bank (Tsukuba, Japan). FaDu, the cells from a human hypopharyngeal SCC cell line, were kindly gifted by the Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine (Akita, Japan). SF-TY, a human skin fibroblast cell line, was obtained from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (JCRB Cell Bank, Osaka, Japan).
All cells were maintained in the Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 37°C. For neutralization of IL-6, neutralizing mouse anti-IL-6 mAb (MAB406) and isotype control immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) mAb (MAB005) were purchased from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN)
Suzuki S., Toyoma S., Kawasaki Y, & Yamada T. (2022). Irradiated fibroblasts increase interleukin-6 expression and induce migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS ONE, 17(1), e0262549.
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