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104 protocols using sodium lactate

1

Colorimetric Lactate Assay of Liposomes

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Lactate was assessed using the L-lactate colorimetric assay kit from Abcam, Inc. (ab65331) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with minor modifications. Substrate specificity analysis was performed at room temperature and initiated by mixing 50 µL of the liposome/proteoliposome samples with 100 µL of 50 µM sodium lactate (Sigma, USA) in a 96-well flat-bottom Greiner plate. sodium lactate (Sigma, USA) was suspended to the desired final concentrations of 30, 60 and 120 µM in transport buffer containing 120 mM KCl, 100 mM MES, pH 6.5, which was also used to dissolve sodium pyruvate. Upon incubation for 30 min at room temperature, 50 µL of the lactate enzyme mix provided with the kit was added, and the plate was measured at 450 nm. Data processing and analysis were performed as described above for pyruvate transport. The obtained enzyme velocities for each transport condition were compared with a lactate standard curve obtained in a vesicle-free solution, termed Ctrl (-L/PL). The experiments were repeated four to six times, and the means ± standard deviations obtained were graphically represented.
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2

Tsc2 Knockout Bone Marrow Transplantation

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Bone marrow transplantation with Tsc2fl/flLyz2-Cre bone marrow into C57BL/6;129 mice was performed as above. The mice were left to recover for 10 days, whereafter they were gavaged daily with 100 mg/kg PD-0332991 (Chemitek) or solvent control for two month. PD-0332991 was dissolved in PBS (15mg / ml) aliquoted and stored at -80°C. Fresh aliquots of inhibitor or PBS were defrosted each day and sodium lactate (Sigma) was added to obtain a final concentration of 50 mM sodium lactate in either inhibitor or solvent control.
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3

Tsc2 Knockout Bone Marrow Transplantation

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Bone marrow transplantation with Tsc2fl/flLyz2-Cre bone marrow into C57BL/6;129 mice was performed as above. The mice were left to recover for 10 days, whereafter they were gavaged daily with 100 mg/kg PD-0332991 (Chemitek) or solvent control for two month. PD-0332991 was dissolved in PBS (15mg / ml) aliquoted and stored at -80°C. Fresh aliquots of inhibitor or PBS were defrosted each day and sodium lactate (Sigma) was added to obtain a final concentration of 50 mM sodium lactate in either inhibitor or solvent control.
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4

Evaluating Antimicrobial Synergy of EOs

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The influence of food additives on the antimicrobial effect of EOs of oregano and garlic was assessed by the addition of nitrites, phosphates and sodium lactate to MHB as follows: 150 ppm sodium nitrite (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 0.5% commercial phosphate (E451 plus E452, BK Giulini, Mannhein, Germany) and 3.3% sodium lactate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Luis, MO, USA).
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5

NMR Characterization of Sodium Lactate

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For the high-resolution NMR experiments, 15M sodium lactate was prepared in PBS buffer at pH = 7.1.
For the concentration dependent study at 9.4 T, phantoms with 10, 20, 30 and 50 mM sodium lactate (Sigma Aldrich, USA) concentration in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were prepared in 15 mm glass tubes at pH 7.0. For the pH-dependent study, 30 mM lactate samples were initially prepared in PBS at pH 7, and pH was adjusted to 6.0, and 6.5 using 1N HCl, and adjusted to pH 7.5 with NaOH. The temperature was maintained at 37 °C by blowing a warm air directed at the tube and monitored using a thermocouple attached to the NMR tube.
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6

Synthesis of POx Block Copolymers

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All materials for the synthesis of POx block copolymers, methanol, ethanol, and sodium lactate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Water and acetonitrile [high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade] were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ). All materials for the synthesis of POx block copolymers, including methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf), 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOx), 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx), 2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline (BuOx), and 2-methoxycarboxyethyl-2-oxazoline (MestOx) were dried by refluxing over calcium hydride (CaH2) under inert nitrogen gas and subsequently distilled before use. Palbociclib-free base, palbociclib-HCl salt form, vismodegib, etoposide, and gemcitabine were purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA). Sapanisertib was purchased from MedKoo Biosciences (Morrisville, NC). [3H] Palbociclib was purchased from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis, MO). Soluene-350 and Ultima Gold LLC scintillation cocktail were purchased from PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences (Waltham, MA).
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7

Differentiation and Purification of hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes

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Wild type and mutated WTC hiPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using a previously described monolayer protocol (ref [31 (link)], details in Expanded Methods), and maintained in RPMI media (Gibco) supplemented with 2% B-27 with insulin (Life Technologies) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen). For single cell force, calcium, and morphology measurements and live cell imaging cardiomyocytes were purified using lactate selection by replating cells 14–18 days after the start of differentiation and feeding with DMEM without glucose (Gibco) supplemented with 4 μM sodium lactate (Sigma-Aldrich) on days 18–22 after differentiation32 (link). Cells used for calcium and morphology measurements were cultured in media containing 10 μM cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside (Sigma-Aldrich) for 2 days following replating as single cardiomyocytes.
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8

Methanotrophic Growth and Induction

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M. buryatense 5GB1S were routinely cultured in NMS2 medium at 30 °C with orbital shaking at 175 rpm as previously described22 (link)39 (link). Strains were grown in sealed 1 L glass serum bottles (Kimble Chase, Vineland, NJ) with 20% (v/v) CH4 in air, or 500 mL baffled flasks supplemented with 1% CH3OH (v/v). Serum bottle and shake flask cultures were inoculated at OD600 = 0.01 with plate-harvested biomass. LDH expression was induced by adding 0.5–2.0 μg/mL anhydrotetracycline (aTc, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at the time of inoculation. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, 1% CH3OH (v/v) NMS2 was supplemented with increasing concentrations of aTc or sodium lactate (Sigma-Aldrich) and growth was monitored by measuring the OD600 using a spectrophotometer.
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9

Palbociclib administration in mice

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Palbociclib (Selleck Chemicals) was dissolved in 50mM sodium lactate (Sigma) and administered once to mice by oral gavage at a dose of 150mg/kg. Mice were culled and analyzed 1 day after Palbociclib administration.
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10

Human Myeloma Cells and PBMC Coculture

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Human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% (OPM2, NCI–H929) or 20% (U266) FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C and 5% CO2. After written informed consent (Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Policlinico “G.Rodolico‐San Marco”, n. 54/2022/PO), peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) were obtained from healthy donor buffy coat after separation by Ficoll‐Hypaque gradient. Cocultures of MM cell lines with PBMCS were set using a 2:1 PCs/PBMCs ratio. PBMC medium was supplemented with 5 mg/ml phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for Treg evaluation.
Bortezomib (15 nM) and carfilzomib (3 nM) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Used doses of Sodium lactate, 3‐hydroxybutyric acid (3‐OBA), 3,5‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5 DHBA) (Sigma‐Aldrich) and AZD3965 (Astra Zeneca, Mylan, Italy) were respectively, 20 mM, 3 mM, 150 μM and 10 μM.
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