Triglyceride (TG), glucose, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) in serum were determined using the commercial kits (A110-1-1, F006-1-1, and A042-2-1; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Insulin in serum was determined with an ELISA kit (CSB-E06829p; Cusabio, Wuhan, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) = [(fasting insulin, mIU/L) × (fasting glucose, mmol/L)]/22.5; homeostasis model assessment‐insulin sensitivity (HOMA‐IS) = 1/[(fasting insulin, mIU/L) × (fasting glucose, mmol/L)] [21 (link)]. TG, NEFA, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine urine (8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) in the placenta were determined using the respective commercial kits (A110-1-1, A042-2-1, A003-1-2, A087-1-2, H165, and A006-2-1; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). Placental reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) according to the manufacturer's protocol (E004; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) as described previously [22 (link)].
A110 1 1
Manufactured by Nanjing Jiancheng
Sourced in China
The A110-1-1 is a laboratory equipment designed for general laboratory applications. It features a rugged construction and provides basic functionality required for standard laboratory procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
A111 1 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (36 mentions)
A113 1 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (16 mentions)
A112 1 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (15 mentions)
A042 2 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (8 mentions)
C009 2 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (8 mentions)
C010 2 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (7 mentions)
F006 1 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (6 mentions)
Microplate reader, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Kge009, by R&D Systems (3 mentions)
Fsh csb e06871m, by Cusabio (2 mentions)
Insulin 80 inshu ch01, by ALPCO (2 mentions)
Mf2100, by R&D Systems (2 mentions)
Ds u3, by Nikon (2 mentions)
C009 3 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
C010 3 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
Au480, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions)
A003 1 2, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
Oil red o, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
A111 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
Bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
81 protocols using a110 1 1
1
Metabolic and Oxidative Biomarker Profiling
2
Plasma Biochemical Markers Determination
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The concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, glucose, and TG in the plasma were determined using commercially available test kits from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China (#A042–2-1, #E030, #F006-1-1, and #A110-1-1, respectively). All testing procedures were performed in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
3
Lipid and Glucose Measurement Protocols
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In this study, FFA, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and glucose levels were all performed according to the procedure in the kit (A042-2, A110-1–1, A111-1–1, A112-1–1, A113-1–1, and F006-1–1, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China).CCL2 were performed according to the procedure in the ELISA kit(human: KE00091, mouse: KE10006, Proteintech Group, USA), the same as PA in serum (FS-0501, Shanghai Fusheng Bioengineering Institute, China).
4
Hepatic Lipid Extraction and Analysis
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Approximately 0.10-g portions of semithawed liver samples were homogenized in equivalent amounts (1/9) of homogenizing buffer (pH 7.4; 0.01 mol/L) and added to screw-cap tubes containing 0.1 mmol/L EDTA-Na2, 0.8% NaCl, and Tris-HCl. The tubes were then incubated twice in ice-cold water for 5 min, followed each time by shaking for 5 min at 25 Hz/s with a TissueLyser. The supernatant was then collected after centrifugation of the samples for 10 min at 2,500 rpm at 4°C. The levels of hepatic total cholesterol, triglycerides, and FFA were then tested using A111-1-1, A110-1-1, and A042-1-1 assay kits from Jiancheng Bioengineering (Jiancheng, Nanjing, China). The findings from the hepatic lipid test were normalized to the total protein concentration in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (Jiancheng, Nanjing, China).
5
Histological Analysis of Mouse Liver
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For histological analysis, formalin-fixed mouse liver tissues were processed and 5-μm-thick paraffin sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Triglyceride (TG) content in the liver was measured by a commercial kit (A110-1-1; Jiancheng, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
6
Triglyceride Measurement in Adipocytes
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The triglyceride (TG) measurement was performed using a TG test kit (A110-1-1, Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, SVF cells seeded in six-well plates were induced to adipogenesis with or without GAA. Then, the cells were collected and lysed in 1% Triton X-100, and the absorbance value was obtained with a Synergy H1 microplate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).
7
Quantification of Triacylglycerol in Mammary Tissue
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The triacylglycerol (TG) concentration in mammary gland tissue was tested by using TG kits (A110-1-1, Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute), which adopt the Because the color depth generated by quinone compounds is proportional to the content of triacylglycerol, by determining the absorbance value of the standard and sample tubes, the triacylglycerol content in the sample was calculated. Before tissue sample determination, approximately 100 mg of tissue was weighed, and then 0.9% saline was added according to the ratio of weight (g):volume (mL) = 1:9. Mechanical homogenization was carried out in an ice water bath, followed by centrifugation at 664 × g at 4°C for 10 min, and the supernatant was collected for detection. Detection was conducted according to the instructions of the kit, and the absorbance value of each well was determined with a microplate reader (Thermo Fisher) at 510 nm wavelength. Before calculating the triacylglycerol concentration, the protein concentration in the supernatant of tissue homogenate was determined with the BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The kit can detect triacylglycerol concentrations in the range of 0 to 9.04 mmol/L (r > 0.995).
8
Lipid Quantification Protocol
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9
Serum Metabolite Measurement Protocol
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10
Liver Tissue Lipid Quantification
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