Dgu 20a3

Manufactured by Shimadzu

Sourced in Japan, Germany

The DGU-20A3 is a degassing unit designed for HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) systems. It functions to remove dissolved gases from the mobile phase, which is crucial for maintaining stable baseline and consistent chromatographic results.

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Lab products found in correlation

Spd m20a, by Shimadzu (20 mentions) Lc 20ad, by Shimadzu (16 mentions) Cto 20a, by Shimadzu (16 mentions) Sil 20a, by Shimadzu (13 mentions) Rid 10a, by Shimadzu (11 mentions) Cbm 20a, by Shimadzu (11 mentions) Lc 20at, by Shimadzu (8 mentions) Sil 20ac, by Shimadzu (8 mentions) Cto 20ac, by Shimadzu (6 mentions) Hplc system, by Shimadzu (5 mentions) Gemini c18 column, by Phenomenex (5 mentions) Spd 20a, by Shimadzu (4 mentions) Sil 20a ht, by Shimadzu (4 mentions) High performance liquid chromatography (hplc), by Shimadzu (4 mentions) Lc solution software, by Shimadzu (3 mentions) 0.2 μm membrane filter, by Pall Corporation (3 mentions) Sil 20ac ht, by Shimadzu (3 mentions) Lc 20a, by Shimadzu (3 mentions) Gemini c18, by Phenomenex (3 mentions) Cto 10a, by Shimadzu (3 mentions)

60 protocols using dgu 20a3

Quantifying Anions in Water Extracts

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Anions (F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, SO₄²⁻) were measured after H₂O extraction by adding 100 mL of MilliQ water to 5 g of sample and mechanically stirred overnight for 8 h. The final solution, filtered through 0.45 μm cellulose membrane was injected in the Ion Chromatography (IC) system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, JP) consisting of two pumps LC20AD XR, a degasser DGU20A3, an autosampler SIL20AD XR, an oven CTO10AS VP and a suppressed conductivity Detector CDD‐10AVP. Ion separation was achieved using an Allsep Anion 7 u (Grace, Aiken, SC, USA) using 0.85 mM NaHCO₃ + 0.9 Na₂CO₃ water solution as a mobile phase. The chromatograms obtained were compared with those obtained from acid solutions of known concentration using calibration with the external standard method. For calibration, an external standard (Ultra Scientific Italia Srl, Bologna, Italy) was employed. The calibration procedure utilised linear regression techniques, which were based on chromatographic peak areas, to establish precise quantification for each of the target anions.

De Castro O., Avino M., Carraturo F., Di Iorio E., Giovannelli D., Innangi M., Menale B., Mormile N., Troisi J, & Guida M. (2024). Profiling microbial communities in an extremely acidic environment influenced by a cold natural carbon dioxide spring: A study of the Mefite in Ansanto Valley, Southern Italy. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 16(1), e13241.

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Analytical HPLC for Peptide Purity

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Purity was determined by reversed-phase analytical HPLC (see Supplementary Figs 7–9) using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm), with 5 μm particle size and 110 Å pore size, connected to a HPLC system equipped with an autosampler (Shimadzu SIL-20A XR), degasser (Shimadzu DGU-20A3) and a high-pressure gradient system comprising two LC-20AD XR pumps (Shimadzu). Separation was performed at a flow of 1 ml min⁻¹ and using a 20-60% acetonitrile linear gradient in water containing 0.1% NH₄OH. All eluents and additives were HPLC grade. Peptides, cyanine dye-coupled peptides and eventual contaminants were detected using a PDA (Shimadzu SPD-M20A), acquiring a full ultraviolet-visible spectrum between 200 and 750 nm at any time point. Main chromatogram peaks were collected and product mass confirmed by ESI mass spectrometry using a LCQ Deca XP Max (Thermo Finnigan) ion-trap mass spectrometer. For that, samples were manually injected bypassing the column at a flow rate of 0.20 ml min⁻¹ and positive ion mass spectra were acquired in standard enhanced mode.

da Silva R.M., van der Zwaag D., Albertazzi L., Lee S.S., Meijer E.W, & Stupp S.I. (2016). Super-resolution microscopy reveals structural diversity in molecular exchange among peptide amphiphile nanofibres. Nature Communications, 7, 11561.

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Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses were conducted using a DGU-20A3 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) quaternary pump equipped with an autosampler. A Supelco Discovery C18 XDB-C18 (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) column (4.6 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) was used at ambient temperature with a sample injection volume of 10 μL. The elution gradient comprised a binary solvent system with H₂O (solvent A) and mass spectrometry-grade methanol (solvent B) at a constant flow rate of 800 μL/min. Mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry experiments were performed using a hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap API4000 Q-Trap liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA)^{6 (link)}.

Gong G., Yuan L.Y., Li Y.F., Xiao H.X., Li Y.F., Zhang Y., Wu W.J, & Zhang Z.F. (2022). Salivary protein 7 of the brown planthopper functions as an effector for mediating tricin metabolism in rice plants. Scientific Reports, 12, 3205.

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Chromatographic Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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Chromatographic analysis of 5-HMF, coptisine chloride, berberine chloride, nodakenin, (E)-harpagoside, cinnamic acid, and β-asarone was performed with a Prominence LC-20A series HPLC system (Shimadzu Co., Japan), which consisted of a solvent delivery unit (LC-20AT), online degasser (DGU-20A₃), column oven (CTO-20A), auto sample injector (SIL-20AC), and photo-diode array (PDA) detector (SPD-M20A). The measured data were processed using LCsolution software (Version 1.24; Shimadzu). The major components of the CBD sample were separated using a Gemini C₁₈ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm particle size; Phenomenex, USA) at 40°C. The mobile phases consisted of (A) distilled water and (B) acetonitrile, both containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. The gradient condition was as follows: 5–60% B for 0–30 min, 60–100% B for 30–40 min, 100% B for 40–45 min, and 100–5% B for 45–50 min. The flow rate and injection volume were 1.0 mL/min and 10 μL, respectively.

Park H.S., Jeong H.Y., Kim Y.S., Seo C.S., Ha H, & Kwon H.J. (2020). Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects of Cheonwangbosim-dan against Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Journal of Veterinary Science, 21(3), e39.

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HPLC Analysis of Chemical Compounds

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HPLC analyses were performed on a Shimadzu Prominence series HPLC system (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a solvent reservoir, a prominence degasser (DGU-20A3), a prominence pump (LC-20AD), prominence auto-sampler (SIL-20A HT), a column oven (CTO-10AS VP), a prominence UV/VIS detector (SPD-20A), and computer software LabSolutions® Version 5.30 SP1, 2010.

Khan N.H., Abdulbaqi I.M., Darwis Y., Aminu N, & Chan S.Y. (2022). A stability-indicating HPLC-UV method for the quantification of anthocyanin in Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) spray-dried extract, oral powder, and lozenges. Heliyon, 8(3), e09177.

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HPLC Analysis of Active Fractions

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HPLC analyses were performed on a Shimadzu, LC-20AT system (model DGU 20A3, SHIMADZU corporation, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with LC-20AT quaternary pump, a DGU20A3/DGU-20A5 on-line degasser, an SPD-20A photodiode array detector, and a CBM-20A/20A interface. The data were acquired and processed using Lab Solution software. The active fraction was analyzed using a reverse-phase HPLC column SHIMADZU corporation, Kyoto, Japan), SunfireTM prep C18 (10 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) column (Waters, Ireland). The mobile phase was composed of 30% H₂O with 0.1% TFA (ACROS ORGANICS) and 70% acetonitrile (LC-MS CHROMASOLVR, Fluka) with 0.1% TFA. Prior to HPLC injection, samples were filtered through a CHROMAFIL R Xtra H-PTFI filter (pore size 0.45 µm, filter 13 mm, (MACHEREY-NAGEL, Düren, Germany). Two mL of sample was injected and run for 41 min at 20 °C with a flow rate of 4 mL/min [68 (link)].

Zahara K., Bibi Y., Masood S., Nisa S., Qayyum A., Ishaque M., Shahzad K., Ahmed W., Shah Z.H., Alsamadany H., Yang S.H, & Chung G. (2021). Using HPLC–DAD and GC–MS Analysis Isolation and Identification of Anticandida Compounds from Gui Zhen Cao Herbs (Genus Bidens): An Important Chinese Medicinal Formulation. Molecules, 26(19), 5820.

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HPLC Analysis of Aflatoxin M1

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The dried extract was resuspended in 1 mL of mixture of ultra-pure H₂O: CH₃OH: CH₃CN (60:30:10, v/v/v). An aliquot of 10 µL was injected into HPLC equipped with an oven (CTO-10A), pump (LC20AD), degasser (DGU-20A3), auto sampler (SIL-20AHT), fluorescence detector (RF-20AXS), and reversed-phase column (XR-ODS/C8/Phenyl, 3 mm × 100 mm, 2.2 µm, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The excitation and emission wavelengths were 365 nm and 435 nm, respectively. The mobile phase was H₂O: CH₃OH: CH₃CN (60:30:10, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 50 °C, with a total run time of 10 min [54 ]. The AFM₁ concentration was expressed in ng of AFM₁/g.

Ishikawa A.T., Takabayashi-Yamashita C.R., Ono E.Y., Bagatin A.K., Rigobello F.F., Kawamura O., Hirooka E.Y, & Itano E.N. (2016). Exposure Assessment of Infants to Aflatoxin M1 through Consumption of Breast Milk and Infant Powdered Milk in Brazil. Toxins, 8(9), 246.

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HPLC Analysis of Flavonoid and Phenolic Compounds

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The compounds were analyzed with a Shimadzu HPLC system on a Phenomenex C₁₈ Gemini column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm) equipped with a binary pump (SPD-20AD), a UV detector (SPD-20A), an autosampler (SIL-20A), a column oven (CTO-20AC), a degasser, (DGU-20A₃) and an LC solution system (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The flavonoid and phenolic compound quantification was conducted using a calibration curve at ten concentrations over a linear range (0.0005–1.0 mg/mL), and the chromatographic analysis was performed using the method previously reported by Jin et al. [13 (link)].

Jang H.J., Lee S.J., Kim C.Y., Hwang J.T., Choi J.H., Park J.H., Lee S.W, & Rho M.C. (2017). Effect of Sunlight Radiation on the Growth and Chemical Constituents of Salvia plebeia R.Br.. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 22(8), 1279.

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Tacrine Quantification by Optimized HPLC Method

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Tacrine quantification was determined by modification of previously published method (24 (link)). Tacrine concentrations from cells lysate and media were determined using an isocratic Prominence Shimadzu HPLC system (Columbia, MD) consisted of SIL 20-AHT autosampler, LC-20AB pump connected to a Dgu-20A3 degasser, and an RF10A XL fluorescent detector. Data acquisition was achieved by LC Solution software version 1.22 SP1. Tacrine was first extracted from the cell lysate by vortex mixing with 1:1 acetonitrile followed by centrifugation at 10 000 g for 10 min. Samples of 100 μl from clear supernatant were loaded into inserts for analysis. Samples were separated using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 x 4.6mm i.d., 5μm particle size; Agilent, CA, USA) with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 2.5 (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Samples injection volumes were 20 μl. Fluorescence detection was performed at an excitation wavelength of 240 nm and emission wavelength of 360 nm. The total run time was 5 min with tacrine retention time at 2.9 min. The analytical method was found to be linear in the studied range (0.01– 2 μM) with lower limit of quantification of 10 nM, and precise with coefficient of variation (%CV) less than 10%.

Mohamed L.A, & Kaddoumi A. (2014). Tacrine Sinusoidal Uptake and Biliary Excretion in Sandwich-Cultured Primary Rat Hepatocytes. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques, 17(3), 427-438.

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Lignin Molecular Weight Characterization

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Approx. 3 mg of lignin or lignin derivative
was dissolved in 1 mL of DMSO containing 0.1% lithium chloride. A
Shimadzu instrument was used consisting of a controller unit (CBM-20A),
a pumping unit (LC 20AT), a degasser (DGU-20A3), a column oven (CTO-20AC),
a diode array detector (SPD-M20A), and a refractive index detector
(RID-10A)), and controlled by Shimadzu LabSolutions (Version 5.42
SP3). A single analytical PLgel 5 μm MiniMIX-C column (Agilent,
250 × 4.6 mm) was used, being eluted at 70 °C with DMSO
containing 0.1% lithium chloride. The run time at 0.25 mL min^–1 flow rate was 20 min. Molecular weights were calculated
from a linear calibration constructed with poly(styrene sulfonic acid)
polymers (4.3–2600 kDa) in acid form and dimeric lignin models.
Analyses were run in duplicate.

Giannì P., Lange H, & Crestini C. (2020). Functionalized Organosolv Lignins Suitable for Modifications of Hard Surfaces. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(20), 7628-7638.

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