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22 protocols using ab119557

1

Cytokine Detection Using ELISA

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ELISA kits for detection of IFN-α (42120-1), IFN-β (MIFNB0), IFN-γ (MIF00), TNF-α (MTA00B), IL-2 (M2000), IL-6 (M6000B), IL-10 (M1000B), IL-12 (M1270), and IL-23 (M2300) were purchased from R&D System. ELISA kits for detection of TGF-β (ab119557), IL-1α (ab199076), IL-1β (ab100705), and IL-4 (ab100710) were purchased from Abcam. Cytokine levels were determined using corresponding ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Quantifying Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure levels of active caspase 3 (MyBioSource, MBS7210856), TGF-β1 (Abcam, ab119557), phosphorylated SMAD3 (pS423/S425) (Abcam, 186038), phosphorylated mTOR (pS2448) (RayBiotech, PEL-mTOR-S2448), phosphorylated p70S6K (pT389) (Abcam, ab176651), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pT202/Y204) (Abcam, ab176640), phosphorylated STAT3 (pY705) (Invitrogen, KHO0481), phosphorylated NFκB p65 (pS536) (Abcam, ab176647), phosphorylated JNK1/2 (pT183/Y185) (Abcam, ab176645), atrogin1 (LSBio, LS-F35338), MuRF1 (MyBioSource, MBS2502946), beclin-1 (LSBio, LS-F35824) and p62 (MyBioSource, MBS039475) in the gastrocnemius protein homogenate, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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3

Protein Expression and Signaling Analysis

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Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry were performed to examine the expression of ESRP, E-cadherin, and vimentin in cells according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Western blotting assays were also performed using whole cell lysates. Cell lysates were prepared and separated by SDS/PAGE. Proteins were transferred on to PVDF membrane, and membranes probed primary antibodies including ESRP1/2 (anti-RBM35A+RBM35B, ab106555, Abcam), Smad (ab207447, Abcam), or p-Smad (sc-11769, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) overnight at 4°C, then blotted with corresponding secondary antibodies (ab136817 and ab6785, Abcam). Visualization was accomplished using BioRad ChemiDoc™ XRS system (Hercules, CA) with electrochemiluminescence substrate. Protein levels were normalized to match densitometric values of internal controls. In addition, ELISA was performed to examine the level of TGF-β1 (ab119557, Abcam) in BALF according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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4

Quantifying Liver Cytokine Levels

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The snap-frozen liver samples were homogenized in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with protease and phosphatase inhibitors. The homogenate was centrifuged at 15000 rpm at 4°C for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was retained. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta-1) in liver homogenate were quantified by commercially available TNF alpha (500850, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, USA) and TGF beta-1 (ab119557, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) ELISA kits under the instructions of the manufacturers.
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5

Cytokine Profiling of Activated Microglia

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Prior to testing, the culture medium of BV2 cells was collected. Then, IL-6 and TGF-β1 (ab222503 and ab119557, Abcam) ELISA kits were employed for assessing the cytokine expression profiles of activated or non-activated microglia. The cytokine profiles of microglia were determined after 3-h PBM irradiation. The supernatants of culture medium of microglia were processed by the ELISA method according to the manufacturer's protocol. The absorbance of the resulting solution at 450 nm for each well was measured by a microplate reader. The concentrations of the cytokines in the samples were analyzed on Excel software.
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6

Macrophage Metabolism and Polarization

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The assay medium for glycolytic capacity consisted of 2 mM glutamine in hippocampal XF basal medium [15 (link)]. The intracellular and extracellular concentrations of lactate were determined using the Lactate Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit (K607–100; BioVision) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The surface markers of M1 and M2 macrophages were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and the specific product numbers are as follows: TGF-β 1 (Abcam, ab119557), TNF alpha (Abcam, ab285327), CD163 (Abcam, ab272204), IL-1β (Beyotime, PI301), IL-10 (Beyotime PI522), IL-6 (Beyotime PI326), Arg1 (sangon biotech D721046), and iNOS (ab253219).
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7

Multiplex Cytokine Quantification

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ELISA was used to measure concentration of cytokines IL-1β (ab100704), TNF-α (ab100747), IL-10 (ab46103) and TGF-β1 (ab119557) in blood according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Abcam, USA).
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8

ELISA Protocol for Protein Quantification

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ELISA was performed as previously described [35 (link)]. ELISA kits were obtained from Abcam (ab119557 and ab222942). The assays were performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocols.
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9

Multivariate Protein Profiling of Cell Samples

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The total protein was extracted from tissue or cells using a CelLytic™ MEM Protein Extraction Kit (CE0050, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were done for IL1β (ab197742; Abcam), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, ab208348; Abcam), interferon gamma (IFNɣ, ab282874; Abcam), IL6 (Ab100713; Abcam), IL10 (M1000B; R&D Biosystems), CD163 (ab272204; Abcam), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1, ab119557; Abcam), VEGF-A (ab209882; Abcam), fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1, ab223587; Abcam), MMP1 (NBP3-06885; Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA), MMP3 (ab203364; Abcam), MMP11 (NBP3-06935; Novus Biologicals) and CHI3L1 (ab238262; Abcam).
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10

Quantification of Immune Factors in Mice

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The preserved serum of mice in each group was centrifuged at 1,509.3 × g for 15 min, and the contents of immune factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β were detected in strict accordance with the operating steps of the ELISA antibodies: TNF-α (ab208348, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), IL-6 (ab222503, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), IL-10 (ab108870, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and TGF-β (ab119557, Abcam, Cambridge, UK).
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