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Cleaved parp antibody

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
Sourced in United States

The Cleaved PARP antibody is a laboratory reagent used for the detection of cleaved Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) in various experimental applications. PARP is a protein involved in cellular processes, and its cleavage is a marker of apoptosis (programmed cell death).

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17 protocols using cleaved parp antibody

1

Immunohistochemistry of Histone H3 and PARP

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IHC for pHistone H3 and cleaved PARP were conducted on 5 μm tissue sections from paraffin-embedded tumor as described previously using the EnVision + Single Reagents HRP-Rabbit (Dako) and REAL substrate buffer (REAL DAB + chromogen, Dako) [54 (link)]. The primary antibodies and dilutions are as follows: pHistone H3 (Ser 10) antibody (1:200; Cat. no. 06-570; Millipore), and cleaved PARP antibody (1:200, Cat. no. 9541; Cell Signaling).
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2

Antibody Procurement for Molecular Studies

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Z-LIG with purity more than 98 % was purchased from Chengdu Must Bio-Technology Co, Ltd (Chengdu, China) and stored in −80 °C before use. The antibodies against BRCA1, ERα, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4/5/7, Acetyl-Histone3(lys9/14), IFI16, and MTA1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA). Acetyl-p53, pro-PARP and cleaved PARP antibody were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). The antibodies against Cyclin A, Cyclin E, CDK1, CDK2, p53, Histone 3 were obtained from Wanlei Biotechnology (Shenyang, China). The antibodies against caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3, p21 and p27 were purchased from Proteintech Group Inc (Wuhan, China). The antibodies against β-actin and rabbit IgG were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, unless indicated otherwise.
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3

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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FACS-sorted cells were homogenized in lysis buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na2EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Triton, 2.5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM β-glycerophosphate, 1 mM Na3VO4, and 1 μg/ml leupeptin (Cell Signaling Technology) supplemented with 1% Halt protease inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Protein concentrations were then quantified using a Bio-Rad protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories). A total of 15 µg of each protein lysate from mCherry-positive cells of the Tg(lck:IRF4) fish were mixed with 4× Laemmli sample buffer (Bio-Rad Laboratories) and β-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) in appropriate proportions before being incubated at 99 °C for 5 min. The samples were then separated on SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore) at 400 mA for 1.5 h, blocked with 3% skim milk (Nacalai Tesque) in Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween and probed with IRF4 antibody (1:1000; Santa Cruz), cleaved PARP antibody (1: 1000; Cell Signaling Technology) and GAPDH-HRP antibody (1: 1000; Santa Cruz). Secondary detection was performed with HRP-linked antirabbit IgG (Cell Signaling Technology) and ECL™ Western blotting detection reagents (Fisher Scientific). Western blot images were captured using an ImageQuant LAS500 chemiluminescent image analyzer (GE Healthcare).
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4

Evaluating EMT Marker Protein Expression

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The cells or tissues lysed in lysis buffer. 50 μg of protein sample each was separated by SDS-PAGE (10% gels) and transferred onto a 0.45 μm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The proteins were probed with TGFRβR1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, p-Smad3, Smad3, p-Akt, c-Myc, p27, cyclin D1, PARP and cleaved PARP antibody (Cell Signaling). The bound antibodies were detected using ECL Western Blotting Detection system. Equivalence of protein loading was assessed using (mouse anti-β-actin or GAPDH antibody, Sigma).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Epigenetic Proteins

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All the cells were treated as described in 4.3. Protein samples were separated by 10% SDS PAGE gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane by constant 250 mA electrophoresis. The membranes were blocked in 5% bovine serum albumin in Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 hour at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary rabbit antibodies, EZH2 antibody (1:1000 dilution; Cat:4950S; Cell signaling technology), PARP antibody (1:1000 dilution; Cat:9532S; Cell signaling technology), Cleaved PARP antibody (1:1000 dilution; Cat:5625T; Cell signaling technology), and GAPDH antibody (1:1000 dilution; Cat:5174S; Cell signaling technology). After several rinses in TBST, the membranes were incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with the appropriate volume of secondary antibody. Immunoreactivity was detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL, Millipore, USA).
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6

Cell Lysis and Western Blot Analysis

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Cells growing in monolayers were lysed using Cell Extraction Buffer (Life
Technologies) supplemented with complete protease inhibitors and PhosSTOP phosphatase
inhibitor cocktail tablets (Roche). Cell lysates were cleared by centrifugation, protein
concentrations were determined by DC Protein Assay (BioRad), and denatured lysates were
run on 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gels (Invitrogen). Gels were transferred to
nitrocellulose membranes (BioRad) before being immunoblotted with indicated antibodies.
Cleaved-PARP antibody was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. RAC1 activation assays
were performed as previously described according to the manufacturer's protocol (Cell
Biolabs) (10 (link)).
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7

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Apoptosis and CD8 T cells

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Liver or tumor tissues were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were processed to conduct IHC. Briefly, tissue sections were de-paraffinized with xylene, rehydrated with various grades of ethanol (100%, 95%, 80%, and 70%), unmasked for antigen retrieval with the provided solution (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA), permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100, blocked with serum, and then incubated with BLOXALL reagent (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA) to quench endogenous peroxidase. Subsequently, the sections were incubated in succession with primary antibodies, secondary antibodies, and DAB substrate at the optimized concentration to develop color. The positive cells were counted in 5 randomly selected fields in each slide with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Abs for cleaved caspase 3 Ab (CAT#9964S), cleaved PARP antibody (CAT#94885S), and CD8a Ab (CAT# 98941S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, USA), and respectively used for marking the apoptosis cells and effector CD8 T cells.
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8

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Tumor Markers

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IHC for pHistone H3 and cleaved PARP were conducted on 5 μm tissue sections from paraffin-embedded tumor as described previously using the EnVision + Single Reagents HRP-Rabbit (Dako) and REAL substrate buffer (REAL DAB + chromogen, Dako)[28 (link)]. The primary antibodies and dilutions are as follows: pHistone H3 (Ser 10) antibody (1:200; Millipore), and cleaved PARP antibody (1:200, Cell Signaling).
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9

Chemosensitization of Cancer Cells

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For chemoresistance studies, 5×104 cancer cells were plated in 6-well costar plates and cultured in complete EMEM medium for 48 h. Following 48-h incubation, cancer cells were treated with 1 μM methotrexate, 0.5 μM paclitaxel alone or in combination with 1 μM SU9516 (Sigma) for additional 72 h. Cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy alone and in combination with SU9516 was tested by immunofluorescence employing a cleaved-PARP antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) as a marker of apoptosis. Results are derived from three independent experiments.
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10

Protein Expression and Detection Protocol

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Whole protein was extracted by M‐PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent added with Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail Set II (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA, USA) and Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktails (Roche, Lewes, UK). Proteins were separated on 7.5% SDS‐PAGE and transferred to Immobilon‐P membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The following primary antibodies were used: Cul4A (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), cleaved PARP antibody (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), p21 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), TGF‐β inducible early gene‐1 (TIEG1; Abcam), transforming growth factor, beta‐induced (TGFBI; Abcam) and β‐actin (Sigma‐Aldrich). After antigen–antibody complexes were bound to secondary antibodies, an enhanced chemiluminescence blotting analysis system (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA) was used to detect antigen–antibody complexes.
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