α msh

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia

α-MSH is a peptide that is used in laboratory research. It is the principal endogenous melanocortin agonist and plays a role in pigmentation, energy homeostasis, and other physiological processes. α-MSH functions as a ligand for melanocortin receptors.

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Lab products found in correlation

L dopa, by Merck Group (33 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (24 mentions) Arbutin, by Merck Group (23 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (17 mentions) Kojic acid, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (12 mentions) Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Merck Group (10 mentions) Mushroom tyrosinase, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Trp 2, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (8 mentions) Trp 1, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (8 mentions) β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (7 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (7 mentions) Sb203580, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (5 mentions) P erk, by Cell Signaling Technology (5 mentions) Triton x 100, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Melanin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Tyrosinase, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (4 mentions)

122 protocols using α msh

Investigating mTORC2-Mediated Adipocyte Signaling

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H₂O₂ (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) working solution (0.5mM) were prepared to treat cells for 24 h. The αMSH (300 nM, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was mixed to treat mature adipocytes for 1 h. To study the molecular mechanism of signaling pathways, on the 6th day of cell differentiation, αMSH treatment group and control group were treated with 1 μM mTORC2-specific inhibitor AZD8055 for 48 h.
Forced expression plasmid vectors of MC5R (pc-MC5R), Foxo1 (pc-Foxo1) and Bim (pc-Bim) were kept in our lab; and the control plasmid vector was pcDNA3.1-vector. shRNA sequence against MC5R (si-MC5R) and Bim (si-Bim) were contrived and synthesized by Genepharma Company (Shanghai, China) using pGPU6/Neo siRNA expression vector. The cell transfection was performed as previously described [45 (link)].

Cao W., Li M., Wu T., Feng F., Feng T., Xu Y, & Sun C. (2017). αMSH prevents ROS-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Foxo1/mTORC2 in mice adipose tissue. Oncotarget, 8(25), 40872-40884.

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Adenoviral Overexpression of FOXO Transcription Factors

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The recombinant adenovirus overexpression vector of Foxo1 (pAd-Foxo1), recombinant adenovirus overexpression vector of Foxo3a (pAd-Foxo3a), recombinant adenovirus overexpression vector of Foxo4 (pAd-Foxo4), recombinant adenovirus overexpression vector of Foxo6 (pAd-Foxo6) and overexpression plasmid vector of MC5R (pc-MC5R) were constructed in our lab. When primary adipocytes were plated at a concentration of 1×10⁵-1×10⁶/ml in 60 mm dish (suspension cells), these recombinant adenovirus vectors were respectively mixed with Opti-MEMI media (Invitrogen) and X-treme GENE HP Reagent (Roche, Switzerland), then the mixture were added to each culture dishes afterwards. The αMSH (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and the working solution (500 nM) were mixed to treat adipocytes for 1 h. Cells were collected for Real-time PCR after 24 h infection and for Western blot after 48 h.
On the fourth day of cell differentiation, cells were treated with 10 μM Akt phosphorylation-specific inhibitor MK-2206 (MedChem Express, USA), 10 μM JNK phosphorylation-specific inhibitor SP600125 (Selleck Chemical, USA), respectively. The αMSH (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added to adipocytes for 1 h before collecting for Western blot analysis.

Liu G., Li M., Saeed M., Xu Y., Ren Q, & Sun C. (2017). αMSH inhibits adipose inflammation via reducing FoxOs transcription and blocking Akt/JNK pathway in mice. Oncotarget, 8(29), 47642-47654.

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Melanin Quantification in Melanocytes

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HEM cells were stimulated with 100 nM α-MSH (Sigma-Aldrich, M4125) for 96 h. B16-F0 or MNT1 cells were stimulated with 100 nM α-MSH, 10 nM ET-1 (Sigma-Aldrich, E7764), 3 mM db-cAMP (Sigma-Aldrich, D0627) or 1 μM WH-4-023 for 72 h. Extracellular melanin in culture supernatants and intracellular melanin in cell pellets were disrupted in 0.85 N NaOH and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, 34869) under heating at 80℃, and measured absorbance values at 405 nm.

Yun C.Y., Hong S.D., Lee Y.H., Lee J., Jung D.E., Kim G.H., Kim S.H., Jung J.K., Kim K.H., Lee H., Hong J.T., Han S.B, & Kim Y. (2019). Nuclear Entry of CRTC1 as Druggable Target of Acquired Pigmentary Disorder. Theranostics, 9(3), 646-660.

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Peptide Inhibition of Melanin Production

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Example 3

B16F10 cells (Korean Cell Line Bank, Seoul) were added to each well of a 6-well microplate (1.5×10⁵cells per well), along with 2 ml of DMEM, and then incubated in a 5% CO₂incubator at 37° C. for 24 hours. α-MSH (Sigma Co, MO, USA) (100 nM) was treated to each well, along with the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 8 in the final concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM. The groups in which α-MSH (100 nM) and arbutin (0.01%) were respectively treated were used as positive controls. After additionally incubating the cells for 24 hours, the pictures of each culture ware taken so as to compare the respective levels of melanin formation.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the groups treated with the peptide of SEQ ID NO: 8, the brown colors of each cell culture were decreased according to the concentrations of the peptide, showing colors similar to the positive controls. These results show that the peptide fragments of the present invention inhibit α-MSH-stimulated melanin pigment formation in melanocytes.

US10626157B2. SFRP5-derived peptide fragment and cosmetic composition for skin whitening containing same (2020-04-21). KNU-INDUSTRY COOPERATION FOUNDATION [KR], SUPADELIXIR INC. [KR]. Inventors: Jang-Hee Hahn [KR], Dong-Young Lim [KR].

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Melanogenesis Modulation by Mitoxantrone

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In B16 cells, seeded at HD, pigmentation was induced by adding 1µM αMSH (Sigma-Aldrich, M4135) for 48 h. Cells were pretreated (for 1 hour) with 1µM Mitoxantrone (Sigma-Aldrich, M6545) followed by addition of 1µM αMSH for 48 h. After 48 h cells were terminated and pellets were made. Further, mean pixel intensity of pellets was calculated using ImageJ software.

Tanwar J., Ahuja K., Sharma A., Sehgal P., Ranjan G., Sultan F., Priya A., Venkatesan M., Yenamandra V.K., Singh A., Madesh M., Sivasubbu S, & Motiani R.K. (2023). Mitochondrial calcium signaling mediated transcriptional regulation of keratin filaments is a critical determinant of melanogenesis. bioRxiv.

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Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Dynamics

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We established six experimental groups with five individuals for each one, one control (CONT) and five treatments (MSH1h, MSH3h, MSH6h, MSH12h and MSH24h). For the individuals of the treatments, we injected 0.05 ml of a single intraperitoneal dose with 2.5x10 -7 mmol/10g of the native hormone α-MSH (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) based on comparative doseresponse curve of α-MSH in skin bioassays of frogs (Castrucci et al. 1984a , Hadley et al. 1985) , diluted in sterile physiological solution (ringer solution) with osmolarity adjusted to amphibians (60% of mammals' osmolarity, adapted from Hadley et al. 1985) . The individuals of the control group received the same dose but only of ringer solution. Each treatment corresponded to a period of time (1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours) after the hormone administration that we waited to start our observations, based on the time of hormone degradation by the amphibian serum (Castrucci et al. 1984b) .

Zieri R., Franco-Belussi L, & Oliveira C. (2023). Short-term effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in three distinct melanin-pigmented cell types of Anura. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 95(1).

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Melanin Production Modulation by Exosomes

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B16F10s were seeded at a density of 1 × 10⁶ cell/dish. The cells were treated with B16F10 exosomes, mature milk exosome or colostrum exosome at a concentration of 0, 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, or 0.02 mg/mL for 24 h, and co-treated with 100 nM α-MSH (M4135, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) for 24 h. After 24 h, the cells were irradiated with 0.41 mJ/cm² of UV-C and treated with exosomes and α-MSH at the same concentration as the previous day. Then, after 24 h, the same number of cells was counted and harvested. The cells were washed with PBS and melanin was eluted with a solution of 1 N NaOH containing 10% DMSO for 1 h at 80 °C. Each sample was transferred to a 96-well microplate and ODs were detected at 490 nm.

Han G., Kim H., Kim D.E., Ahn Y., Kim J., Jang Y.J., Kim K., Yang Y, & Kim S.H. (2022). The Potential of Bovine Colostrum-Derived Exosomes to Repair Aged and Damaged Skin Cells. Pharmaceutics, 14(2), 307.

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Melanogenesis Pathway Regulation

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α-MSH, 3-(4,5,-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), L-DOPA and arbutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies to tyrosinase (sc-73244), TRP-1 (sc-58438), TRP-2 (sc-74439) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF; sc-52938) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Yang S.H., Tsatsakis A.M., Tzanakakis G., Kim H.S., Le B., Sifaki M., Spandidos D.A., Tsukamoto C., Golokhvast K.S., Izotov B.N, & Chung G. (2017). Soyasaponin Ag inhibits α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells via the downregulation of TRP-2. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40(3), 631-636.

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Melanogenesis Regulation in Cells

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Ged was purchased from Microsource Discovery Systems, Inc. (Gayloardville, CT, USA). Melanogenesis stimulator, α-MSH, anti-melanogenic compound, and kojic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents were higher than molecular biology grade.

Jeon H.J., Kim K., Kim C., Kim M.J., Kim T.O, & Lee S.E. (2021). Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Melanogenic Gedunin Derived from Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) Using B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells and Early-Stage Zebrafish. Plants, 10(2), 330.

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Melanin Production in B16-F0 and Melan-a Cells

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B16-F0 cells were stimulated with 100 nM α-MSH (Sigma-Aldrich, M4125), 3 mM histamine (Sigma-Aldrich, H7125) or 3 mM db-cAMP (Sigma-Aldrich, D0627) for 72-80 h, and Melan-a cells with 100 nM α-MSH for 96 h. Extracellular melanin in culture supernatants and intracellular melanin in cell pellets were determined by measuring absorbance values at 405 nm.

Yun C.Y., Mi Ko S., Pyo Choi Y., Kim B.J., Lee J., Mun Kim J., Kim J.Y., Song J.Y., Kim S.H., Hwang B.Y., Tae Hong J., Han S.B, & Kim Y. (2018). α-Viniferin Improves Facial Hyperpigmentation via Accelerating Feedback Termination of cAMP/PKA-Signaled Phosphorylation Circuit in Facultative Melanogenesis. Theranostics, 8(7), 2031-2043.

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