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41 protocols using kds 200

1

Burst and Compliance Testing of Vascular Grafts

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Burst pressure and compliance testing was performed in accordance with ANSI/AAMI/ISO 7198 and as described previously.24 Briefly, a nonporous latex tube lining was first inserted into 40 mm long grafts. Static compliance was determined by pumping water through a syringe pump (KDS200, KDScientific) at a rate of 4 mL/min to subject each graft to a pressure ramp (0–150 mmHg). Intraluminal pressure was monitored using an in-line digital pressure gauge (MG1-5-A-9V-R MediaGauge, SSI Technologies, Inc) and graft outer diameter was measured with a He-Ne laser micrometer (Lasermike). Compliance (C) was calculated from the recorded pressure, P, and inner diameter, D, according to the following equation:
C=ΔD/(D0ΔP)=(D120D80)/(D8040) Inner diameter was calculated by subtracting the two times the wall thickness from the measured external diameter, assuming incompressibility of the graft wall. Burst pressure was determined by pumping deionized water into each latex lined graft at 100 mL/min using a syringe pump (KDS200, KDScientific). The ends of each graft were firmly secured and sealed to prevent leakage. Pressure was measured using a high pressure gauge (0 to 60 psi pressure range, NoShok) connected downstream of the graft. Burst pressure was recorded as the maximum pressure prior to construct failure.
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2

Chemogenetic and Neurotrophic Manipulations of the Basolateral Amygdala

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Rats anesthetized with 5% chloral hydrate were implanted bilaterally with guide cannulas to the BLA or IL. The coordinates were as follows: BLA: anteroposterior (AP), −2.97 mm; lateral (L), ±5.1 mm; dorsoventral (V), −7.0 mm; IL: anteroposterior (AP), +3.14 mm; lateral (L), ±0.3 mm; dorsoventral (V), −4.0 mm. To prevent clogging, a stylus was placed into the cannula. Bilateral infusion cannulas (28 gauges) were inserted 7 days later, extending 1.5 mm beyond the tip of the guide cannulas. The injection cannula was linked via PE20 tubing to a 10-μl Hamilton microsyringe motored by a microinjection pump (KDS 200, KD Scientific, Holliston, MA, USA). Infusions were administered with a volume of 0.5 μl over the course of 2 min, and an additional 2 min was allowed for diffusion before the infusion cannulas were removed. BDNF (250 ng/μl, 1 μl/lateral) was administered into the BLA, and AAV5-CamkIIα-EGFP (6.72 × 1013 vp/ml, ViGene Bioscience, Jinan, China, 1.5 μl/lateral), AAV5-CamkIIα-CC1-EGFP (5.84 × 1013 vp/ml, ViGene Bioscience, 1.5 μl/lateral), and AAV5-CamkIIα-TrkB-mCherry (1.64 × 1014 vp/ml, ViGene Bioscience, 1 μl/lateral) were injected into the BLA 24 h after acquisition of the auditory fear memory.
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3

Fabrication of SBS Nanofiber Membrane

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A purpose-made electrospinning setup was employed for making SBS nanofibrous membrane26 . During electrospinning, the SBS solution was charged with high voltage using a power supply (ES30P, Gamma High Voltage Research), and a metal plate was used as collector. The flow rate of the polymer solution was controlled by a digital syringe pump (KDS-200, KD Scientific). The applied voltage, flow rate of the SBS solution, and spinning distance were controlled at 20.0 kV, 3 ml/h and 17 cm, respectively.
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4

Photoacoustic detection of gold-based nanoparticles

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200 μL blood aliquots were spiked with 5 μL of GBNs solution in PBS to achieve a final concentration of GBNs in the range 50 ng/mL to 25 μg/mL. Blood samples were pulled through a square quartz capillary (100 μm i.d., Polymicro Tech., Molex, Phoenix AZ) by a syringe pump (KDS 200, withdraw mode, KD Scientific, Holliston, MA) at a rate of 1 mL/h, Figure 2C. PA signals were recorded for ~ 2 min for each sample (16 μL tested sample volume). Transient PA signals exceeding detection threshold set up for control blood were counted within 10 s long intervals for each sample (~2 μL blood volume per interval) and used to calculate the calibration graph. A tiny sample of GBN spiked blood was diluted with PBS and placed into a 35 mm round dish for PA microscopy analysis.
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5

Microfluidic Droplet Generation Analysis

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Liquids were filled in glass syringes (1000 series, Hamilton Company, USA) and supplied to the microfluidic device using syringe pumps (KDS200, KD Scientific, USA). An optical microscope (BX-51, Olympus, Japan) equipped with a high-speed video camera (Fastcam Mini AX50, Photron, Japan) was used for the observation of droplet generation. Software ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, NY, USA) was used to measure the diameters of droplets.
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6

Heparin-Rosuvastatin Coaxial Nanofiber Stent

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Nanofiber was fabricated, as previously described [65 (link)]. P(LLA-CL) was dissolved in 10 mL of hexafluoroisopropanol to prepare a 120 mg/mL shell solution, and the core solution was prepared with 15% heparin and 20 µM rosuvastatin solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Germany). The volumetric ratios of heparin:rosuvastatin were 450:50 [450:50 (µL)], 425:75 [425:75 (µL)], and 400:100 [400:100 (µL)], and the control group used PBS to replace heparin and rosuvastatin. The nanofiber mats were labeled as control, Rosu 50, Rosu 75, and Rosu 100 according to the different rosuvastatin volumetric ratios. An Apollo bare metal stent made of 316L stainless steel (MicroPort Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) was placed 10 cm to 25 cm away from the tip of the syringe pump (KDS 200; KD Scientific, Holliston, MA, USA). The core and shell solutions were then used to fabricate the coaxial nanofiber-covered stents by collecting nanofibers with a rotating Apollo bare metal stent (600 rpm, F = 2.3 mm, and l = 7 mm) at room temperature. The structure of the covered stent was observed using a transmission electron microscope (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
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7

Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Development

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PCL (average molecular mass: 80,000 g/mol), chloroform (purity > 99%), ethanol (99.5%), glucose oxidase (from Aspergillus niger, 145,200 units/g solid), horseradish peroxidase (297,000 units/g solid, suitable for manufacturing of diagnostic kits and reagents), trehalose dihydrate (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, > 99%,) and 3,3’,5’,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (purity > 99%) (TMB) were purchased from Merck KgaA, Corp. (Tokyo, Japan). D (+)-Glucose was purchased from Hayashi Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). A phosphate buffer solution was purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). A high-voltage power supply (model HJPQ 30P1, Matsusada Precision, Japan) was used. The syringe pump was purchased from KD Scientific, Inc. (Holliston, MA) (model KDS 200).
A syringe of 5 mL with a metallic blunt tip of 18 gauge was used. Air plasma treatment was performed using a plasma generator (Sakigake YHS-R, Japan), and the water contact angle was measured using a solid-liquid interface analyser DropMaster 300 (Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd., Japan).
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8

Blood Clot Flow Rate Analysis

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A KD Scientific (KDS200, USA) syringe pump was used for the pumping the blood clot and clot in the LDPE tube. On the syringe pump, at an ID (d1) setting of 8.66 mm (3 ml, BD plastic syringe), the maximum volumetric flow rate, V1, delivered by syringe pump is 7 ml/min. This calculates to a linear displacement of 0.2 cm/sec [linear displacement = V1/π(d1/2) 2 ]. With these same settings, a 60 ml Luer-Lock syringe, which has an ID of 26.72 mm (d2), was mounted on the syringe pump. Hence, the pump's actual volumetric flow rate computes to be 1.11 cm 3 /sec [V2 = linear displacement × π(d2/2) 2 ]. As the ID of the LDPE tube was 1.15 mm (d3); the linear flow rate of blood and blood clot in the tube is computed to be 107 cm/sec [V2/π(d3/2) 2 ]. Similarly, for a setting of 2 ml/min (V1) and 4 ml/min (V1) at a set ID of 8.66 mm (d1) on the syringe pump and using a 60 ml syringe on the pump instead, the linear flow rate of blood and blood clot in the LDPE tube is computed to be 31 cm/sec and 61 cm/sec.
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9

Electrospinning of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Fibers

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PLA (Mw = 100,000, NatureWorks LLC, Minnetonka, MN) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and N,N-dimethylacetamide (8/2 w/w) by stirring for 48 h at room temperature to obtain homogeneous 10 wt% solution. The PLA solution was loaded in a syringe, which was driven by a syringe pump (KDS200, KD Scientific Inc., Holliston, MA) at a feeding rate of 2.0 mL/h. A Teflon tube was used to connect the syringe and a 21G needle (inner diameter of 0.5 mm), which was set up horizontally. A voltage regulated DC power supply (NNC-30kV-2mA portable type, NanoNC, South Korea) was used to apply a voltage varying from 15 to 20 kV to the PLA solution to generate the polymer jet. The electrospun fibers were deposited in the form of a web on collectors covered by aluminum foil. For collecting random fibers, the tip-to-collector distance (TCD) was set to 16 cm on a flat plate as a collector. For collecting aligned fibers, a rotating drum (~2400 rpm) was placed at 12 cm from the tangent of the drum to the needle tip. To account for different collector sizes and effect of gravity, the TCD distances were optimized for the formation of electrospun PLA fibers of consistent and of comparable diameter. An overview of the systems used to generate random and aligned electrospun scaffolds is shown in Figures 1A and 1B.
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10

Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine

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CF arrays were tested in vitro using a flow cell apparatus to extract dopamine sensitivity measurements and CV standards (ESI, Fig. S2). Solutions used in the flow cell were phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) buffer and dopamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, H8502) as dissolved to a concentration of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 μM in the buffer. A syringe pump (KD Scientific, KDS 200) was used to generate a fixed flow rate (~ 1–3 ml/min) to the outlet of a flexible tube (1/8 inch inner diameter) where the sensors were positioned. A sample injection valve (Valco, Model 22Z) was used to switch the sample flowing across the sensors between PBS and dopamine solutions with an electronic actuator. As the CF sensing interfaces comprise identical surfaces to traditional CFM sensors (same CF material), observed dopamine sensitivity (2–50 nA/μM) (ESI, Fig. S2) is within range of prior work 3 (link),4 (link),9 (link),15 (link),17 (link),18 (link),32 (link),19 (link)–21 (link),31 (link).
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