Quantaurus tau system

The PL and PLE spectra were recorded at 1 nm intervals at RT using a F7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech, Japan). For PL measurements, slits of 2.5 nm were used for both excitation and emission. The absolute quantum efficiencies, also known as QYs, of the glasses were measured using a Quantaurus-QY integrating sphere spectrometer (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan). The error bars were ± 2. The emission decay was measured at RT using a Quantaurus-Tau system (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) with a 340 nm LED. The accumulated counts for evaluation were 50,000.

UV-Vis absorption spectra and PL emission spectra were measured with dilute tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution (1 × 10⁻⁵ M), using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO, V-730) and fluorescence spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, LS-55), respectively. The fluorescent and phosphorescent spectra were gathered without and with 1 ms delay at 77 K. For solid PL measurement, thin films by vacuum deposition were prepared. The absolute PL quantum yield (PLQY) and transient PL curves with solid film were recorded using Quantaurus-QY system (Hamamatsu, C11347-11) and Quantaurus-Tau system (Hamamatsu, C11367-31) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The doping concentration of deposit film was 1 wt%. The energy level of HOMO and LUMO was estimated with cyclic voltammetry (Ivium Tech., Iviumstat). The oxidation and reduction curves were obtained by using working electrode (glassy carbon tube), counter electrode (platinum wire) and reference electrode (saturated Ag/AgCl). As an electrolyte, 0.1 M of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile solution was used. As a standard material, ferrocene was used. All the solutions were purged with nitrogen for 10 min to remove oxygen.

The PL and PLE spectra were recorded at 1 nm intervals at RT using an F7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech. Japan). Band pass filters of 2.5 nm for the PL measurement were used for both excitation and emission. The absorption spectra at RT were recorded at 1 nm intervals using a U3500 UV-vis-NIR spectrometer (Hitachi High-Tech. Japan). The absolute quantum efficiencies, also known as quantum yields (QYs), of the glasses were measured using an integrating sphere Quantaurus-QY (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan). The error bars were ±2. The emission decay at RT was measured using a Quantaurus-Tau system (Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) with a 340 nm LED. The accumulated counts for evaluation were 50,000. Scintillation (radioluminescence) spectra were measured by using a CCD-based spectrometer (Andor DU920P CCD and SR163 monochromator) under X-ray exposure^{23 (link)}. The supplied bias voltage and tube current were 40 kV and 0.52 ~ 5.2 mA, respectively.