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11 protocols using openlab3

1

Trypan Blue Staining for Cell Death Evaluation

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The leaves were vacuum-infiltrated with trypan-blue stain prepared in 10 mL acidic phenol, 10 mL glycerol, and 20 mL sterile water with 10 mg of trypan blue. The samples were placed in a heated water bath (90°C) for 2 min and incubated at room temperature for 2–12 h. The samples were destained using chloral hydrate (25 g/10 mL sterile water; Sigma), mounted on slides and observed for cell death with a compound microscope. The samples were photographed using an AxioCam camera (Zeiss, Germany) and images were analyzed using Openlab 3.5.2 (Improvision) software.
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2

Quantifying Plant Cell Death via Trypan Blue Staining

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The leaves were vacuum-infiltrated with trypan-blue stain prepared in 10 mL acidic phenol, 10 mL glycerol, and 20 mL sterile water with 10 mg of trypan blue. The samples were placed in a heated water bath (90 o C) for 2 min and incubated at room temperature for 2-12 h. The samples were destained using chloral hydrate (25 g/10 mL sterile water; Sigma), mounted on slides and observed for cell death with a compound microscope. The samples were photographed using an AxioCam camera (Zeiss, Germany) and images were analyzed using Openlab 3.5.2 (Improvision) software.
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3

Immunohistochemistry of Kidney Paraffin Sections

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7 µm kidney paraffin sections were cut and transferred to slides (Superfrost plus, Fisher Scientific). Sections were dewaxed (Safeclear, Fisher Scientific) and rehydrated with graded aqueous isopropanol. Antigen retrieval was carried out with 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6 in an autoclave (250F for 40 min). Sections were blocked for 30 min (4% non-immune goat serum, 0.1% cold water fish skin gelatin, 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.1% Tween-20 in TBS). 1% BSA and 0.05% SDS were added to the blocking solution in the ANKS6 labeling experiments to reduce background. Incubation with primary antibodies/lectin was carried out overnight at 4C: T1α (1:1000, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa), fluorescein-conjugated Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA, 1:200, Vector Labs), anti-acetylated tubulin, anti-ANKS6 and secondary antibodies as above. For anti-ANKS6 IF, a biotin layer was employed to enhance labeling of ANKS6, requiring endogenous biotin to be blocked (Avidin/Biotin blocking kit, Life Technologies) prior to application of the biotin-conjugated secondary antibody (Fab fragment of goat anti-rabbit IgG at 1:250, Jackson Immunochemicals) and streptavidin-Alexa 488 at 1:400. Slides were incubated in DAPI and mounted with Prolong Gold (Life Technologies). Imaging was carried out using a Zeiss Axiovert 200 microscope and OpenLab 3.1.5 software (Improvision).
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4

Immunohistochemistry of Kidney Paraffin Sections

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7 µm kidney paraffin sections were cut and transferred to slides (Superfrost plus, Fisher Scientific). Sections were dewaxed (Safeclear, Fisher Scientific) and rehydrated with graded aqueous isopropanol. Antigen retrieval was carried out with 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6 in an autoclave (250F for 40 min). Sections were blocked for 30 min (4% non-immune goat serum, 0.1% cold water fish skin gelatin, 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.1% Tween-20 in TBS). 1% BSA and 0.05% SDS were added to the blocking solution in the ANKS6 labeling experiments to reduce background. Incubation with primary antibodies/lectin was carried out overnight at 4C: T1α (1:1000, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa), fluorescein-conjugated Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA, 1:200, Vector Labs), anti-acetylated tubulin, anti-ANKS6 and secondary antibodies as above. For anti-ANKS6 IF, a biotin layer was employed to enhance labeling of ANKS6, requiring endogenous biotin to be blocked (Avidin/Biotin blocking kit, Life Technologies) prior to application of the biotin-conjugated secondary antibody (Fab fragment of goat anti-rabbit IgG at 1:250, Jackson Immunochemicals) and streptavidin-Alexa 488 at 1:400. Slides were incubated in DAPI and mounted with Prolong Gold (Life Technologies). Imaging was carried out using a Zeiss Axiovert 200 microscope and OpenLab 3.1.5 software (Improvision).
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5

Fluorescence Imaging of Tumor Nodules

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Fluorescence imaging of the tumor nodules was achieved by using a Retriga EX camera (QImaging, Burnaby, BC, Canada) fitted to an Eclipse E600 FN fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a CFI achromat objective of 4x magnification and 0.1 numerical aperture. Illumination was performed with an HBO 103 W/2 mercury short-arc lamp (OSRAM Lich AG, Munich, Germany). The microscope was equipped with a BV-2A fluorescence cube (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) composed of a medium-width bandpass excitation filter (400–440 nm), a longpass filter collecting fluorescence above 470 nm and a 455 nm cut-on wavelength dichromatic mirror. An additional ET665lp longpass filter (Chroma Technology Corp., Rockingham, VT, USA) was added to collect fluorescence above 665 nm. Images were treated with OpenLab 3.1.5 software (Improvision, Perkin Elmer, Coventry, UK).
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6

Quantifying Dedifferentiation Frequency in Limb Regeneration

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Time lapse imaging microscopy was performed on the Leica DMI6000 system. The × 10 images were captured every hour. The green and red fluorescence images were merged and compiled to short videos with the Volocity Demo software. An Axioplan2 microscope (Carl Zeiss) with the Openlab 3.1.7 software (Improvision) was used for fluorescence microscopy analyses. An LSM 700 Meta laser microscope with the LSM 6.0 Image Browser software (Carl Zeiss) was used for confocal analyses. Representative images were selected from at least two independent experiments. For longitudinal sections, 1 in every 20 sections was selected and counted. For transverse sections, 1 in every 15 sections was selected and counted. Blinded counting was performed, as the operator counting the cells was not aware of the type of sample. For counting dedifferentiation frequency, the right (XIAP) and left (control) forelimbs were collected from seven animals at 12 d.p.a. and sectioned transversely. All YFP+ nuclei were counted from the regenerate tip to stump until no more YFP+ nuclei were found. The number of YFP+/MHC cells in the blastema was normalized to the labelled YFP+ myonuclei in the stump (YFP+/MHC+) before comparing to control.
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7

Quantifying Dedifferentiation Frequency in Limb Regeneration

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Time lapse imaging microscopy was performed on the Leica DMI6000 system. The × 10 images were captured every hour. The green and red fluorescence images were merged and compiled to short videos with the Volocity Demo software. An Axioplan2 microscope (Carl Zeiss) with the Openlab 3.1.7 software (Improvision) was used for fluorescence microscopy analyses. An LSM 700 Meta laser microscope with the LSM 6.0 Image Browser software (Carl Zeiss) was used for confocal analyses. Representative images were selected from at least two independent experiments. For longitudinal sections, 1 in every 20 sections was selected and counted. For transverse sections, 1 in every 15 sections was selected and counted. Blinded counting was performed, as the operator counting the cells was not aware of the type of sample. For counting dedifferentiation frequency, the right (XIAP) and left (control) forelimbs were collected from seven animals at 12 d.p.a. and sectioned transversely. All YFP+ nuclei were counted from the regenerate tip to stump until no more YFP+ nuclei were found. The number of YFP+/MHC cells in the blastema was normalized to the labelled YFP+ myonuclei in the stump (YFP+/MHC+) before comparing to control.
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8

Immunofluorescence Assay for SVEC Cells

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SVEC were grown on fibronectin-coated glass chamber slides for 12h. Cells were then treated by auranofin as indicated. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA in PBS for 15 min at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% triton-X buffer, blocked in 1% horse serum diluted in PBS for 1 h and stained 2 h at room temperature or 4 °C overnight using specified antibodies, followed by Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated secondary antibodies (donkey anti-goat, donkey anti-rabbit or donkey anti-mouse or a combination for double IF diluted at 1:1000 in PBST). Slides were observed using a Zeiss Axiovert 200 fluorescence microscope (Carl ZeissMicroImaging; Thornwood, NY), and images were captured using Openlab3 software (Improvision, Lexington, MA).
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9

Apoptosis Induction by Auranofin

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SVEC (10×104/well) were seeded 12-well culture plates and cultured at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 for 12 h. After cells were treated with 1 μM and 2 μM auranofin for 4h, Incubate the cells in 0.5mL Annexin-binding buffer 10 mM HEPES, 140 mM NaCl, and 2.5 mM CaCl2, pH 7.4 with 5uL Annexin V conjugated Alexa-Fluor® 488 Life Technologies, A13201 and 1 uL Hoechst3342 ( Life Technologies) at room temperature for 15 min. Apoptosis of cells were observed using a Zeiss Axiovert 200 fluorescence microscope (Carl ZeissMicroImaging; Thornwood, NY), and images were captured using Openlab3 software (Improvision, Lexington, MA).
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10

Tumor Spheroid Imaging and Analysis

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Single clone spheroids were generated by culturing A2780, ES-2, H526 and MDA-MB231 cells for 16 h as a hanging drop over a humidified plate in a CO2 incubator in their corresponding complete media. Tumor cell spheroids or macrophages were embedded in Matrigel matrix (Corning Cat # 354234), treated with JQ1, NHWD-870, or DMSO control, and imaged using Zeiss Axiovert 200 fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging; Thornwood, NY), and images were captured using Openlab3 software (Improvision, Lexington, MA) after 6 days treatment. The relative spheroid sizes were measured with ImageJ version 1.52s using the 15 representative spheroids.
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