3 5 dinitrosalicylic acid

Sodium chloride (NaCl) and foline-phenol (C₆H₆O) were purchased from Tianjin Fengchuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) was purchased from Tianjin Hengxing Chemical Reagent Manufacturing Co., Ltd. SIs (H05M9R54983), composed of daidzin (57.98%), glycitin (23.09%), genistin (6.92%), daidzein (2.12%), glycitein (0.74%), and genistein (0.4%), were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Reference standards, including acetic acid (≥ 99.5%), propionic acid (≥ 99.0%), isobutyric acid (≥ 99.0%), butyric acid (≥ 99.0%), isovaleric acid (≥ 99.0%), valeric acid (≥ 98%), caproic acid (≥ 99.5%), and isocaproic acid (≥ 98%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).

Analytical standards of citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid were purchased from Aladdin Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Shikimic acid and fumaric acid were obtained from Solabiao Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Other reagents such as De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) medium; 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid; and Na₂CO₃ were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Neutral protease (Neu) was obtained from Beijing Donghua Qiangsheng Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Sulfuric acid was obtained from Beijing Chemical Works. Sodium hydroxide, D‐glucose anhydrous, alcohol, phenol, 3, 5‐dinitrosalicylic acid, and sodium hydrogen sulfite were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All the chemicals were of analytical grade. Triglyceride kits, total cholesterol reagent kits, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol kits, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol kits, superoxide dismutase kit, and malondialdehyde test kit were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Biology Engineering Institute.

Garlic without disease, insect injury, and mechanical damage was purchased from Jinxiang (Shandong, China) and then stored in dry and dark depots.
Calcium chloride, hydrochloric acid, phenol, sodium azide, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, sodium nitrate, and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid were analytical grade and supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Beijing, China). Monosaccharide standard substances (Arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, and fructose) were purchased from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Dextran standard substances (Mw from 505 Da to 62 kDa) were purchased from Shodex. Deionized water (18.2 M resistivity) was obtained from a Milli-Q Element water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA). UV–Vis absorption spectra were recorded on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (T6, Purkinje General, China). All the other chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Arthrobacter oxidase KQ11 was used to prepare dextranase in our laboratory (Strain KQ11 was inoculated in the fermentation medium. After 28 h of fermentation, the broth was centrifuged at 12,000× g at 4 °C for 10 min. The supernatant contained the crude enzyme, which was then ultrafiltered through a 30-kDa membrane. Then, the dextranase was lyophilized to obtain the enzyme powder). Nano-HA (<100-nm particle size) was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Phenol from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., LTD. (Nanjing, China). Crystal violet from Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). NaCl, NaF, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, dextran 20,000, and hydrochloric acid were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.

Noni fruits (cultivars “Kuke”) were provided by the Hainan Wanning Noni Industrial Base (Hainan, China) in March 2017. Gallic acid (purity, 98%) and rutin (purity, 97%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Phenol and Folin–Ciocalteu were purchased from Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The 3, 5- dinitrosalicylic acid (purity, 98%) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemical reagents were analytically pure.