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10 protocols using ix83 zdc

1

Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Roots

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Cells were observed using an inverted fluorescence microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus) fitted with a confocal unit (CSU-W1, Yokogawa), a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (ORCA-R2, Hamamatsu Photonics), a UPLANSAPO ×60 water-immersion objective (NA = 1.20, Olympus), and laser lines set at 458, 488, and 561 nm. Images were acquired using MetaMorph (Molecular Devices).
To analyze the structure of pits, intact roots were stained with safranin, and thereafter imaged using an Olympus FV3000 inverted confocal microscope equipped with a UPLANSAPO ×100 oil-immersion objective (NA = 1.40, Olympus). FV-OSR software (Olympus) was used to obtain high-resolution images.
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2

Cotyledon Epidermis Microscopy Imaging

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The epidermis of the cotyledon was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus) fitted with a confocal unit (CSU-W1, Yokogawa), an EM-CCD camera (iXon3-888, Andor), an UPLANSAPO 60× water-immersion objective (NA = 1.20, Olympus), and laser lines set at 488 and 561 nm. Images were acquired using MetaMorph software (Molecular Devices).
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3

Lung Inflammation Response to Particle Exposure

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BALB/c mice (male, 6–7 weeks
old) were obtained from Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co.,
Ltd. (Beijing, China). All animal experimental protocols were approved
by the Animal Ethics Committee at the Research Center for Eco-Environmental
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China). All animals
were housed and maintained in a specific pathogen-free (at the SPF
grade) and aseptic animal facility. Mice were placed into the chamber
for exposure under clean air, FPMs only (i.e., SiO2), P. aeruginosa only, or co-exposure for 30 min. After
that, the mice were sacrificed at various timepoints. Then, the nasal
cavities, tracheas, lungs, and blood were collected. The tissues were
fixed in PBS-buffered 10% formaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin,
and sliced into sections for hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining,
following a standard procedure. The collected blood was analyzed by
complete blood count (CBC) analysis. The nasal washes were collected
by using PBS, further serially diluted, and then plated onto agar
plates with ampicillin in triplicate. The numbers of loading bacteria
were counted according to the CFU. The mucociliary clearance (MCC)
was evaluated according to a method reported previously and through
high-resolution live-cell confocal imaging microscopy (OLYMPUS IX83ZDC,
Japan).38 (link)
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4

Live Imaging of Limb Bud Development

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E11.5 embryos were dissected in PBS and embedded in 4% low melt temperature agarose. 100 μm slices were prepared using a vibratome (Leica, Nussloch, Germany). Slices containing the limb were transferred to a glass-bottom dish containing 1 mg/ml collagen (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) in DMEM and neutralizing buffer for 10 min in a 37 °C incubator. Growth medium (DMEM, 10% Horse Serum, 0.5% Chicken Embryo Extract) with 1 μM luciferin (PJK GmbH, Kleinblittersdorf, Germany) was added, the dish was placed on the stage of an inverted microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and maintained at 37 °C in 5% CO2. The nGFP signal from the Pax7nGFP transgene was used to focus and to track the cells. Bioluminescence was acquired using the EM-CCD camera (Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan).
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5

Imaging Dynamic Dll1 Expression in Muscle Stem Cells

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To analyze dynamic Dll1 expression in adult and embryonic muscle stem cells in wild-type, MyoD−/− and TxHes1 genetic backgrounds, the Dll1luc allele was used. For analysis of dynamic Dll1 expression in Dll1type2 mutant cells or embryos, luciferase produced by the Dll1type2 allele was imaged. For analysis of dynamic Dll1 expression in spheres, expression of Nanoluc produced by the EpDll1-NanoLuc indicator plasmid was used.
For imaging, myofibers were incubated in 35-mm glass-bottom dishes at 37 °C in 5% CO2, and 1 mM luciferin was added to the culture medium immediately before imaging. For NanoLuc imaging, 100× diluted Endurazine (Promega, Wisconsin, USA) was added to the medium. Bioluminescence images were acquired by an inverted microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with a cooled EM-CCD camera (EM-X2 C9100-23B, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan) in a dark room. The filters and camera control were adjusted automatically using the CelSens software (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Frames were acquired with exposure times that were adjusted to the expression levels, i.e., 6–9 min exposure time for the luminescence signals25 (link),62 .
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6

Quantification of Osteoclast Formation

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Bone marrow cells were plated at 1 × 105 cells/well in 96-well plates and cultured in α-MEM containing osteoclastogenic factors for 8 days. Cells were fixed with 10% neutral buffer formalin and incubated with TRAP chromogenic substrate (catalog no. PMC-AK04F-COS; Cosmo Bio, Tokyo, Japan) at 37 °C for 60 min. TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts containing ≥3 nuclei were visualized and manually counted under an inverted microscope (model IX83ZDC; Olympus) as previously described56 (link),57 (link). The number of cells was represented as TRAP-positive cells per well.
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7

Synovial Cell Proliferation Imaging

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After enzyme digestion, nucleated synovial cells were seeded at 20 cells/cm2 in 6-well plates and cultured for 14 days. Whole wells were scanned by time-lapse microscopy using a computerized multi-area time-lapse imaging system (IX83ZDC; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Images were acquired every 6 hours for 14 days and were reconstructed as a time-lapse movie using image analysis software (Dai Nippon Printing Co., Tokyo, Japan).
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8

Detailed Microscopy Techniques for Plant Imaging

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An inverted fluorescence microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus, https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/) fitted with a confocal unit (CSU-W1, Yokogawa), a cooled CCD camera (ORCA-R2, Hamamatsu Photonics) or an EM-CCD camera (iXon3-888, ANDOR), an UplanSAPO 60× water-immersion objective (NA = 1.2, Olympus), an UplanSAPO 10× objective (NA = 0.4, Olympus), and laser lines set at 458, 488, and 561 nm was used. Images were acquired with MetaMorph software (Molecular Devices). An EM-CCD camera was used for recoding tagRFP-ROPGEF4PRONE and GFP-ROPGAP3 in tobacco leaf epidermis.
To obtain omni-directional views of metaxylem vessels, an Olympus FV3000 inverted confocal microscope (Olympus) equipped with an UPLAN 60× water-immersion objective (NA = 1.2) and a laser line set to 514 nm was used.
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9

Spinning Disc Confocal Imaging of Maize

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Plant tissues were observed using a custom-built spinning disc confocal unit (3i) equipped with an inverted fluorescence microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus) CSU-W1 spinning disc with 50-µm pinholes (Yokogawa), a Mesa Illumination Enhancement 7 Field Flattening unit (3i), an Andor iXon Life 888 EMCCD camera and a UPLANSAPO ×60 Silicone Oil-immersion objective (NA = 1.20, Olympus), and four laser stack with TTL controller (3i). For CFP, YFP, and RFP imaging of transgenic maize plants, a 445/515/561 dichroic (Chroma) was used. All emission filters are from Semrock. A 445-nm laser line and 483/45 emission filter (CFP), 514-nm laser and 542/27 emission filter (YFP) or 568-nm laser and 618/50 emission filter (RFP) were used. For dual imaging of GFP and RFP (N. benthamiana expression) a 405/488/561/640 dichroic (Chroma) was used with a 488-nm laser and 525/30 emission filter (GFP) and/or 568-nm laser with a 618/50 emission filter. Image processing was performed using Image Fiji and Adobe Photoshop version 8.0 using only linear adjustments and preserving hard edges.
Quantification of ABD2-YFP fluorescence intensity was performed using FIJI. Max projections of seven slices of 16-bit images taken on the same day with the same acquisition settings were used. Sibling plants were used as controls.
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10

Gerbil Fibroma Cell Response to Grooves

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IMR 33 gerbil fibroma cells were purchased from ATCC and cultured in Medium199 (Sigma) containing fetal bovine serum (Sigma) and penicillin-streptomycin (100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL, Sigma). The cells were plated on a 20 μg/ml fibronectin coated PDMS substrate, and incubated at 37°C overnight. Then, time-lapse phase contrast images were acquired using an inverted microscope (IX83-ZDC, Olympus) with a 10× 0.3NA UPlanFLN objective lens (Olympus). An iXonEM EMCCD camera (DU897, Andor Technology) captured digital greyscale images every 2 min.
The response of cells encountering a groove was classified into three types: (1) "Turn type" was defined for the cells that turned at the groove within 3 h after the leading edge initially contacted with the edge of the groove; (2) "Constraint type" was defined for the cells that kept contact with the groove for over 3 h; (3) "Cross type" was defined for the cells that crossed the groove within 3 h.
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