Anti-vGAT-Oyster 550 antibody was purchased from Synaptic System (Goettingen, Germany). Anti-HA antibody was from Roche (Milan, Italy). BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid), L-NAME (L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester), Nifedipine (1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethylester), and Bicuculline were purchased from Sigma (Milan, Italy). KN-93 and KN-92 were acquired from Millipore Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). APV (D-(−)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid), CNQX (6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione), ω-conotoxin MVIIC, ω-conotoxin GVIA, DPNI-caged-GABA (1-(4-Aminobutanoyl)-4-[1,3-bis(dihydroxyphosphoryloxy)propan-2-yloxy]-7-nitroindoline) and MNI-caged-L-glutamate ((S)-α-amino-2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-7-nitro-δ-oxo-1H-indole-1-pentanoic acid) were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Rhod-2 tripotassium salt was purchased from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
ω conotoxin gvia
Manufactured by Bio-Techne
Sourced in United Kingdom
ω-conotoxin GVIA is a peptide isolated from the venom of the marine snail Conus geographus. It functions as a selective and potent antagonist of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav2.2).
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Bapta, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
ω conotoxin mviic, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Anti vgat oyster550 antibody, by Synaptic Systems (2 mentions)
Dpni caged gaba, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Rhod 2 tripotassium salt, by AAT Bioquest (2 mentions)
Anti ha antibody, by Roche (2 mentions)
Bicuculline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Kn 92, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Kn 93, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cycloheximide (chx), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fluo 4 am, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Mni caged l glutamate, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
L name, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dantrolene, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Dl tboa, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Cgp37157, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
ω agatoxin iva, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Fura 2 am, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
6 protocols using ω conotoxin gvia
1
Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Signaling
2
Mitochondrial Isolation and Characterization
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PD was purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Dantrolene, bafilomycin A1, dl -TBOA, CGP37157, PD98059, GF109203X, H89, ω-conotoxin GVIA and ω-agatoxin IVA were obtained from Tocris Cookson (Bristol, UK). 3′,3′,3′-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3(5)) and Fura-2-AM were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). EGTA). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and all other chemical reagents were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sucrose buffer: 320 mM sucrose, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4; HEPES buffer medium (HBM): 10 mM HEPES, 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 5 mM NaHCO3, 1.2 mM NaH2PO4 and 10 mM glucose and, pH 7.4. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA): 50 mM NaCl, 1.0% IGEPAL® CA-630, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0 (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Tris-buffered saline (TBS-T): 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% (w/v) Tween® 20 detergent.
Sucrose buffer: 320 mM sucrose, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4; HEPES buffer medium (HBM): 10 mM HEPES, 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 5 mM NaHCO3, 1.2 mM NaH2PO4 and 10 mM glucose and, pH 7.4. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA): 50 mM NaCl, 1.0% IGEPAL® CA-630, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0 (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Tris-buffered saline (TBS-T): 20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% (w/v) Tween® 20 detergent.
3
Investigating CO-mediated Cellular Signaling Pathways
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Cell culture media and supplements were purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from HyClone Laboratories (Logan, UT). MG132 and proteinase inhibitor cocktail were purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Ann Arbor, USA). CORM-2 (a CO-releasing compound, [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2), RuCl3, RuCl2(DMSO)4, nifedipine, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA), antimycin A, cycloheximide, hemin, and bilirubin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). Sn(IV) protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPP) was purchased from Frontier Scientific (Logan, UT). ω-Conotoxin GVIA, ω-Agatoxin TK, and SNX 482 were purchased from Tocris bioscience (Bristol, BS110QL). The 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, USA). Fluo-4 AM was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, USA). Compound C (dorsomorphin), an AMPK inhibitor, was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA).
4
Pharmacological Reagents for Cellular Signaling
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2-Deoxy-d -glucose (2-DG, Sigma D6134-1G); NMDA (Tocris, 0114); D-AP5 (Tocris, 0106); MK801 (Tocris, 0924); CGP (Tocris, 1493); DIDS (Sigma, D3514); Veratridine (Tocris, 2918); Bumetamide (Sigma, B3023); GlyH-101 (Sigma, 219671); NPPB (Tocris, 0593); Mannitol (Spectrum Chemical, MA165); Ionomycin (Tocris, 1704); SMIFH2 (Sigma, S4826-5MG); CK-666 (Sigma, SML_0006_5MG); Latrunculin A (Lat-A, Sigma, L5163); Thapsigargin (Tocris, 1138); Jasplakinolide (JASP, Tocris, 2792); Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, Sigma, A4919-5G); DAPI (Biotium, 40043); SAHA (Tocris, 4652); Santacruzamate A (Tocris, 7191); CI994 (Tocris, 2952); FK228 (Tocris, 3515); Tubastatin (Tocris, 6270); Nicotinamide (Tocris, 4106); EX527 (Tocris, 2780); anti-sirtuin 5 inhibitor peptides (Dr.C.A. Olsen, NRE139; NRD167); Suramin (Fisher, AC328540500); C646 (Sigma, SML0002); Cycloheximide (Sigma, C4859); Blebbistatin (Sigma, B0560); Taxol (Tocris, 1097); Nocodazole, (Tocris, 1228); MyoVin-1, (Calbiochem, 475984); Mibefradil, (Tocris, 2198); ω-Conotoxin GVIA, (Tocris, 1085); NBQX (Tocris, 0373); Nifedipine, (Tocris, 1075). Each chemical was dissolved according to the manufacturer’s guidelines, either in water or DMSO, or ethanol.
5
Calcium Current Amplitude Characterization
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Peak calcium current amplitude was measured at 10 mV (VH = −50 mV). Test pulses were elicited every 8 s. Calcium channel blockers were applied in a sequential manner, 1 μM nifedipine (L-type currents; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), 200 nM ω-Agatoxin IVA (P/Q-type currents; Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel) and 2 μM ω-Conotoxin GVIA (N-type currents; Tocris, Bristol, UK). Each blocker was applied and monitored until the currents reached a new steady-state value upon inhibition (~5 min).
6
Immunochemicals for Neurophysiology Experiments
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Anti-vGAT-Oyster 550 antibody was purchased from Synaptic System (Goettingen, Germany).
Anti-HA antibody was from Roche (Milan, Italy). BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), L-NAME (L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester), Nifedipine (1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethylester), and Bicuculline were purchased from Sigma (Milan, Italy). KN-93 and KN-92 were acquired from Millipore Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). APV (D-(-)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid), CNQX (6-Cyano-7nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione), ω-conotoxin MVIIC, ω-conotoxin GVIA, DPNI-caged-GABA (1-(4-Aminobutanoyl)-4-[1,3-bis(dihydroxyphosphoryloxy)propan-2-yloxy]-7-nitroindoline) and MNIcaged-L-glutamate ((S)-α-amino-2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-7-nitro-δ-oxo-1H-indole-1-pentanoic acid) were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Rhod-2 tripotassium salt was purchased from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
Anti-HA antibody was from Roche (Milan, Italy). BAPTA (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), L-NAME (L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester), Nifedipine (1,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethylester), and Bicuculline were purchased from Sigma (Milan, Italy). KN-93 and KN-92 were acquired from Millipore Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). APV (D-(-)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid), CNQX (6-Cyano-7nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione), ω-conotoxin MVIIC, ω-conotoxin GVIA, DPNI-caged-GABA (1-(4-Aminobutanoyl)-4-[1,3-bis(dihydroxyphosphoryloxy)propan-2-yloxy]-7-nitroindoline) and MNIcaged-L-glutamate ((S)-α-amino-2,3-dihydro-4-methoxy-7-nitro-δ-oxo-1H-indole-1-pentanoic acid) were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Rhod-2 tripotassium salt was purchased from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
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