Caffeine and theophylline were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Schwerte, Germany), theobromine, pentoxifylline, propentofylline and all other chemicals used in this study were acquired from Merck former Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), if not stated otherwise.
Theophylline
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany
Theophylline is a laboratory instrument used for the quantitative determination of theophylline in biological samples. It is a widely used drug for the treatment of respiratory disorders, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Triethyl citrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Caffeine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Theobromine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dipyridamole, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pentoxifylline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade pyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenylisothiocyanate pitc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cholesterol d7, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
Splash 2 lipidomix mass spec internal standard, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
06 0 pc dhpc, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Levulinic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Furfural, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Folin ciocalteau s phenol reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 hmf, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Caffeine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using theophylline
1
Caffeine and Theophylline Extraction
2
Chromatographic Analysis of Methylxanthines
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Theobromine, pentoxifylline, propentofylline, HPLC-grade pyridine, phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) and ammonium acetate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), whereas caffeine, theophylline and all other chemicals including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water, ethanol, and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Schwerte, Germany). The following standards from Avanti Polar Lipids were used for normalization: 06:0 PC (DHPC), 19:0 Lyso PC, 06:0 SM (d18:1/6:0), Cer d18:1/6:0, D7-cholesterol and Splash® II Lipidomix® Mass Spec Internal Standard.
3
Visualizing Chlamydia Effector Proteins
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Cos7 cells on coverslips were infected with Ctr-E-DdbA3xFlag, Ctr-E-HctA3xFlag, Ctr-E-Scc13xFlag strains and induced at 16 hpi with 0.5mM theophylline (Acros Organics, Thermo Scientific™). Samples were fixed with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde at 24 hpi and stained with an anti-Flag antibody (1:500) to visualize expressing Chlamydia. DAPI was used to visualize DNA. Coverslips were mounted on a microscope slide with a MOWIOL® mounting solution (100 mg/mL MOWIOL® 4-88, 25% glycerol, 0.1 M Tris pH 8.5).
4
Extraction and Characterization of Cocoa Shell Compounds
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Cocoa shells, a by-product of the Kandit chocolate factory (Osijek, Croatia) were obtained in 2017. Before the extraction, the plant material was ground using a standard laboratory mill. DPPH and ethyl acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steiheim, Germany). All other solvents were of analytical grade and purchased from J.T. Baker (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Folin-Ciocalteau’s phenol reagent was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steiheim, Germany). Caffeine (purity 99%), theobromine (purity 98.5%), catechin (purity 99%), epicatechin (purity 97%) gallic acid (purity 99%) and chlorogenic acid (purity 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Theophylline (purity 99%), furfural (purity 99%) and 5-HMF (purity 98%) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Sugars (glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, xylose and fucose) and carboxylic acids (levulinic acid, lactic acid and formic acid) with high-purity (>99%) for HPLC analysis were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
5
Theophylline Sustained-Release Formulation
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Theophylline was obtained from Acros Organics (UK). Eudragit ® RL100 and RS100 were donated by Evonik (Darmstadt, Germany). Triethyl citrate (TEC) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) (Imwittor K900) was a donation from IOI Oleo GmbH (Germany).
6
Formulation of Theophylline-Loaded PVA Tablets
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Theophylline was purchased from Acros Organics (UK). Three grades of Poly(vinyl alcohol) were used: PVA 20-30K and PVA 83K were supplied from Fisher scientific UK, and PVP Parteck ® MXP [MXP, k75] was donated by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Plasdone™ K-29/32) was donated by Ashland (UK). Sodium stearyl fumarate (PRUV) was donated by JRS (Germany) and sorbitol was purchased from Merck (Parteck SI, Germany). D-mannitol, lactose and HPLC gradient grade acetonitrile were obtained from Fisher Scientific Ltd (Loughborough, UK).
7
Formulation Development of Controlled-Release Theophylline
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Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC. SSL) was obtained from Nisso Chemical Europe (Dusseldorf, Germany). Theophylline was purchased from ACROS Organics. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 40,000), triacetin and triethyl citrate (TEC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Talc was purchased from Fluka Analytical (UK). Eudragit L100-55, RL, EPO and S100 were donated by Evonik Industries (Darmstadt, Germany).
8
Formulation of Theophylline and Dipyridamole
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Theophylline (melting point 270 o C) (21) was purchased from Acros Organics.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 40,000) and dipyridamole (melting point 165 o C) (22) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Talc was ordered from Fluka Analytical (UK). Triethyl citrate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset,UK) and Scotch blue painter's tape 50 mm was supplied by 3M (Bracknell, UK).
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 40,000) and dipyridamole (melting point 165 o C) (22) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Talc was ordered from Fluka Analytical (UK). Triethyl citrate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset,UK) and Scotch blue painter's tape 50 mm was supplied by 3M (Bracknell, UK).
9
Formulation and Evaluation of Theophylline Tablets
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Theophylline (>99%, anhydrous) was purchased from Acros Organics (UK). Triethyl citrate (TEC), Tween 80, citric acid and dipyridamole (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Talc was purchased from Fluka Analytical (UK). Methocel E4 was donated by Colorcon limited (UK). Amino alkyl methacrylate copolymers (Eudragit EPO and Eudragit RL) were donated by Evonik Industries (Darmstadt, Germany).
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