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Formaldehyde

Manufactured by Honeywell
Sourced in Germany

Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable chemical compound used in a variety of laboratory applications. It has a pungent odor and is commonly used as a preservative and fixative for biological samples. Formaldehyde is a versatile reagent with a wide range of applications in the field of analytical chemistry and life sciences.

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5 protocols using formaldehyde

1

Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization

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1-Octadecene, MTT reagent, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Thermo Fisher Scientific), acetone (≥99.9%) and acetonitrile (ACN; 99.8%), hexane (95%), iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5), oleic acid (90%), PTX (Scinopharm), LST (Fluka), PBS (UniRegion Bio-tech), oleylamine (>70%), pluronic F-127 (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA), sodium dodecyl sulfate gel, acrylamide/bis-acrylamide (40% solution, 29:1), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (~99%), trimethylamine N-oxide and ammonium persulfate (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Benzyl ether (99%), gelatin type A (from porcine skin), MMP-2 (≥98%), chloroform, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Formaldehyde was purchased from Riedel de Haen and Tri-ton X-100 from J.T. Baker. CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs were obtained from Ocean Nanotech (Springdale, AR, USA). All chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
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2

Fabrication of Cellulose-Based Conductive Textiles

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A plain-woven 100% cellulose lyocell (CLY) fabric with a weight of 143 g/m2, linear density (λm) of 1.3 dtex, 0.24 mm thickness and thread count of 4000/m in warp and 3200 in weft direction was used as textile substrate material, which was provided by Lenzing AG (Lenzing, Austria). Copper foil of 0.1 mm thickness was supplied by EMSURE (Darmstadt, Germany). The aluminum foil was supplied by RS components (Gmuend, Austria).
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl2 2H2O) and formaldehyde (CH2O, 36.5 wt.%) were supplied by Riedel-de-Haen (Seelze, Germany). Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 5H2O, 99.5%), embittered ethanol (C2H6O, >98%; MEK, 1%) and ammonia solution (NH3, 25 wt.%) were obtained from Carl ROTH GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, 99 wt.%) was supplied by MERCK (Darmstadt, Germany). Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99.0 wt.%) was obtained from VWR PROLABOR (Leuven, Belgium). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50 wt.% solution) was obtained from Deuring GmbH & Co. KG (Hörbranz, Austria). Potassium hydrogen-L-tartrate (C4H5KO6, 99 wt.%) was supplied by Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). All chemicals were used without any further purification.
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3

Cyanobacteria Microscopy Protocols

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For light microscopy cyanobacteria were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) at 4 °C overnight. Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS and were analyzed with the inverse Nikon microscope Eclipse Ti-E (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) as previously described [33 (link)]. For scanning electron microscopy (SAM) with the Zeiss Merlin field emission scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) cyanobacteria were fixed in the cultivation medium with glutaraldehyde (final concentration 2%). The final fixation was achieved after 30 min by adding formaldehyde (Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany) to a final concentration of 5%. SAM was performed as previously described [33 (link)].
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4

Analytical Standards Procurement Protocol

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Analytical grade mEthanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, acetone were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, United Kingdom). Pure standards of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, B2 dimer, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and gallic acid were acquired from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Ethanol, formic acid, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde were bought from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany). The vanillin, sodium metabisulfite, sodium hydroxide, tartaric acid, potassium hydroxide, mEthanol, bovine albumin, and sulphuric acid, were of the Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Also used were purified Polyamid DC 6 also referred as TLC 6 (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany).
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5

Differential Staining of Blastocysts

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A total of six in vitro expanded blastocysts (TCM24, DMSO30, cAMP30) obtained from prepubertal and adult donors and in vivo expanded blastocysts were submitted to differential staining to identify the total number of cells and the proportion of nuclei in the inner cell mass cells (ICM) and trophectoderm cells (TE) [31 (link)]. Day 8 expanded blastocysts were stained with 0.2 mg/ml propidium iodide (Life technologies) for 30 seconds. Embryos were immediately placed and cultured for 4 min in a PBS-PVA solution containing bisBenzimide 0.058 mg/ml (Hoechst 33258, Sigma-Aldrich) and 3.76% formaldehyde (Honeywell Riedel de Haën, Seelze, Germany). Stained blastocysts were mounted on a glycerol drop (Carl Roth GmbH., Karlsruhe, Germany) and observed by fluorescence microscopy. The trophectoderm and the inner cell mass nuclei were identified by the presence of red and blue colors, respectively.
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