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46 protocols using tissue tek oct compound

1

Tissue Preparation for Histochemistry

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The brains were processed as described previously.35 (link) Briefly, the right cerebral hemisphere was immersion-fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 24h followed by serial incubation for 24h each in 10%, 20% and 30% sucrose solution at 4°C, frozen, mounted in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH) and sliced into 20μm-thick sagittal sections at −20°C using a cryostat (Micron Instruments, San Marcos, CA). Three sections per mouse, approximately 600 μm apart, were used for histochemistry as described below.
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2

Near-Infrared Imaging of Cartilage Tissue

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Cartilage tissues were placed in 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 30 min before mounting in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen. Frozen samples were cryosectioned (10 μm per slice), observed by NIR fluorescence microscopy, and also stained with Alcian Blue or hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), respectively. NIR fluorescence microscopy was performed on a 4-filter Nikon Eclipse TE300 microscope system as previously described.[21 (link),22 (link)] The microscope was equipped with a 100 W mercury light source (Chiu Technical Corporation, Kings Park, NY), NIR-compatible optics, and a NIR-compatible 10X Plan Fluor objective lens and a 100X Plan Apo oil immersion objective lens (Nikon, Melville, NY). Images were acquired on an Orca-AG (Hamamatsu, Bridgewater, NJ). Image acquisition and analysis was performed using iVision software (BioVision Technologies, Exton, PA). Two custom filter sets (Chroma Technology Corporation, Brattleboro, VT) composed of 650 ± 22 nm and 750 ± 25 nm excitation filters, 675 nm and 785 nm dichroic mirrors, and 710 ± 25 nm and 810 ± 20 nm emission filters were respectively used to detect C700-OMe and C800-OMe signals in the frozen tissue samples.
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3

NIR Fluorescence Microscopy of Frozen Bone Tissues

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Bone tissues were placed in 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 30 min before mounting in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen. Frozen samples were cryosectioned (10 μm per slice), observed by NIR fluorescence microscopy, and also stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). NIR fluorescence microscopy was performed on a 4-filter Nikon Eclipse TE300 microscope system as previously described.[9 (link),23 (link),24 (link)] The microscope was equipped with a 100 W mercury light source (Chiu Technical Corporation, Kings Park, NY), NIR-compatible optics, and a NIR-compatible 10X Plan Fluor objective lens and a 100X Plan Apo oil immersion objective lens (Nikon, Melville, NY). Images were acquired on an Orca-AG (Hamamatsu, Bridgewater, NJ). Image acquisition and analysis was performed using iVision software (BioVision Technologies, Exton, PA). Two custom filter sets (Chroma Technology Corporation, Brattleboro, VT) composed of 650 ± 22 nm and 750 ± 25 nm excitation filters, 675 nm and 785 nm dichroic mirrors, and 710 ± 25 nm and 810 ± 20 nm emission filters were respectively used to detect P700SO3 and P800SO3 signals in the frozen tissue samples.
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4

Subconjunctival Injection of CjSCs in Rabbit Eyes

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Subconjunctival injection into rabbit eyes was performed using a 30-gauge syringe needle. For a single injection, 36 hydrogel micro-constructs encapsulated with GFP-labeled CjSCs were suspended in 100 μl of DPBS supplemented with 1% (v/v) P-S in a microcentrifuge tube, loaded into the syringe, and injected into the subconjunctival regions of the bulbar conjunctiva. Four injection sites in between the muscles and connective tissues were chosen to mimic the actual injection protocol. Morover, 100 μl of single cell suspension (106 cells/ml) in DPBS with 1% (v/v) P-S was injected in the same manner to serve as the control. After injection, the rabbit eyes were incubated in DF12 supplemented with 10 ng/ml EGF and 1% (v/v) P-S, for 24 hours under constant agitation at 95 rpm.
To prepare the rabbit eyeballs for cryosectioning, dissection was performed with the anterior part (sclera ring with conjunctiva and cornea) kept intact and the excised tissue was fixed in 4% (w/v) PFA for 3 hours, followed by dehydration with 30% (w/v) sucrose (Sigma Aldrich) in 0.1 M DPBS at 4 °C overnight. The tissues were then embedded in Tissue Tek® O.C.T. Compound (Fisher Scientific) and frozen at −80°C. Serial transverse sections of 6 μm thick each were cut using a CM1900 cryostat (Leica) and stored at −80 °C until stained.
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5

Histological Analysis of Aortic Structure

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Aortic sections (5 mm) were fixed in 4% zinc-formalin for 24 h and sliced in 5 μm sections. Slides were deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in serial ethanol concentrations. Sections were hematoxylin–eosin and Sirius red stained for histology, as well as for wall thickness and collagen deposition assessment [57 (link)]. For immunofluorescence (IF) experiments aortic sections were snap-frozen in the optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium (Tissue-Tek® O.C.T.™ Compound, Fisher Scientific) and sliced in 3 μm cryosections [48 (link)].
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6

Histological Evaluation of Lymph Nodes

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For histological evaluations, lymph nodes were resected from the Man-ZW800-1 injected rats after scheduled imaging, embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA), and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tissue was cryosectioned at 10 µm intervals and observed using a NIR fluorescence microscope. Consecutive sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). NIR fluorescence microscopy was performed on a 4 filter-set Nikon Eclipse TE300 epifluorescence microscope to confirm the fluorescence of lymph node as previously described [10 (link)]. The microscope was equipped with a 100 W mercury light source, NIR-compatible optics, and a NIR-compatible 4×, 10×, 20×, and 40X Plan Fluor objective lens (Nikon, Melville, NY). Custom filter sets (Chroma Technology Corporation, Brattleboro, VT) composed of 750 ± 25 nm excitation filter, 785 nm dichroic mirror and 810 ± 20 nm emission filter were used to detect the fluorescent signal in the frozen tissue samples. Images were acquired on an Orca-AG (Hamamatsu, Bridgewater, NJ) and QImaging 12-bit camera for color imaging (Surrey, BC, Canada). Image acquisition and analysis was performed using iVision software (BioVision Technologies, Exton, PA).
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7

Xenograft Tumor Growth Modulation

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All experiments involving mice were performed according to University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Research Institute guidelines, using a peer-reviewed animal protocol. Three million DU145-control and DU145-miR-620 cells were mixed in a 1:1 (vol:vol) ratio with Growth Factor Reduced Matrigel (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Ontario, Canada), and the mixture was injected subcutaneously into the right flanks of 6 to 7-week-old female athymic nude mice (Harlan, Ontario, Canada). Tumor volume (in mm3) was determined by caliper measurements performed every 3 to 4 days and calculated by using the modified ellipse formula (volume = length × width2/2). When the xenograft tumor volumes reached approximately 100 mm3, mice were randomly assigned to mock IR or an 8 Gy dose of IR delivered to the tumor, and tumor volumes determined every 3–4 days after IR. When tumor volumes reached three times the starting volume (except for DU145-control irradiated tumors; these tumors were harvested at day 48), the mice were killed by cervical dislocation, and their tumors were excised, cut in half, with one half placed in Tissue-Tek O.C.T. compound (Fisher Scientific Co., Ottawa, Ontario) and stored at −80°C until cryosectioning and the remaining half flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen.
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Muscle Tissue

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Fresh TA muscles were embedded in Tissue-Tek O.C.T. compound (Fisher), frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled isopentane, and stored at −80°C until analysis. Frozen muscles were cross-sectioned (10 μm) using a Leica CM1850 cryostat. For immunohistochemistry study, air-dried muscle sections were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and permeabilized in 0.2% Triton X-100. Tissue sections were then blocked in PBS with 5% goat serum, 2% BSA, and 1% Tween 20 for 1 hr, followed by incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Rat anti-laminin (clone A5; Pierce; 1:100 dilution) and mouse anti-dystrophin (Sigma; 1:100 dilution) antibodies were used to denote myofiber boundaries and indicate restoration of Dystrophin protein, respectively.
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9

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Microscopy of Parathyroid and Thyroid Tissues

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Parathyroid and thyroid tissues from rats and pigs were preserved for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and NIR fluorescence microscopic assessment. Tissues extracted from the animals post-intraoperative imaging were placed in 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 30 min before mounting in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) and flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen. Frozen samples were cryosectioned (50 μm per slice), observed by fluorescence microscopy, then stained with H&E.
NIR fluorescence microscopy for resected tissues was performed on a 4 filter set Nikon Eclipse TE300 microscope system as previously described27 (link),28 (link). The microscope was equipped with a 100 W mercury light source (Chiu Technical Corporation, Kings Park, NY), NIR-compatible optics, and a NIR-compatible 10X Plan Fluor objective lens and a 100X Plan Apo oil immersion objective lens (Nikon, Melville, NY). Images were acquired on an Orca-AG (Hamamatsu, Bridgewater, NJ). Image acquisition and analysis was performed using iVision software (BioVision Technologies, Exton, PA). Two custom filter sets (Chroma Technology Corporation, Brattleboro, VT) composed of 650 ± 22 nm and 750 ± 25 nm excitation filters, 675 nm and 785 nm dichroic mirrors, and 710 ± 25 nm and 810 ± 20 nm emission filters were respectively used to detect T700-F and T800-F signals in the frozen tissue samples.
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10

Near-Infrared Imaging of Squaraine Dyes

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Major organs were harvested 4 h postintravenous injection of squaraine dyes, trimmed, and embedded in the Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Fisher Scientific). Frozen sections of 10 μm thickness were cut with a cryostat until the ROI was reached (Leica, Germany). After fluorescence images were acquired on a fluorescence microscope, the sections were stained with H&E. Fluorescence and bright-field imaging were conducted using a Nikon TE2000 microscope (Nikon, Melville, NY) equipped with a custom filter set for NIR imaging (Chroma Technology, Brattleboro, VT). Images were acquired on an Orca-AG CCD camera (Hamamatsu, Bridgewater, NJ) with a custom filter set (Chroma, Brattleboro, VT) composed of a 650 ± 22 nm excitation filter, a 675 nm dichroic mirror, and a 710 ± 25 nm emission filters (Chroma Technology).
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