Cyclohexane

The hydrophobized fumed silica particles, AEROSIL^® R972 and AEROSIL^® R816, were kindly provided by Evonik (Dubai, United Arab Emirates). The AEROSIL^® R972 silica particles, being the most hydrophobic, were employed to stabilize the W/O emulsion. The less hydrophobic AEROSIL^® R816 silica particles, which can easily be dispersed in the water phase, were used to stabilize the O/W emulsion. Both types of silica particles were utilized in emulsification without any pre-treatment. The median diameter of both types of silica particles was typically around 200 nm [2 (link)]. Whey protein isolate (WPI, 92% purity), soy protein isolate (SPI, 90% purity), and pea protein isolate (PPI, 80% purity) were supplied by Myprotein (Manchester, UK). Cyclohexane (≥99.5%) was purchased from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA). Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil was provided by NOW^® Sports (Bloomingdale, IL, United States). Maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent: 16.5–19.5), methylene blue (≥95%), Nile red, and Tween^® 20 were provided by Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Certified pesticide standards (purity 94–99%) were obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer LGC Standards (Augsburg, Germany), Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada) and Sigma Aldrich (Seelze, Germany). Individual stock solutions of pesticides at concentrations of 1000 µg/mL were prepared in acetone or Dimethylformamide and stored in amber screw-capped glass vials at below −18 °C. Mixed standard solutions for validation and calibration were prepared by appropriate dilutions of stock standard solutions with acetonitrile. LC-MS purity-grade acetonitrile, acetone, cyclohexane, and ethyl acetate were supplied by Honeywell (Charlotte, North Carolina, USA). Dimethylformamide, sodium sulphate (anhydrous), and sodium chloride were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, USA). Tributyl phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, Seelze, Germany) was used as an internal standard and prepared as a spiking solution at concentrations of 10 µg/mL in acetonitrile. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ/cm) was produced by the Direct-Q^® 5 UV System (Millipore Corporation Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).

The synthesis of Zn ferrites has been done using the following chemicals: iron (III) acetylacetonate (≥98.00%, Merck Schuchardt OHG, Hohenbrunn, Germany), zinc (II) acetylacetonate (≥98.00%, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), oleic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), tetra ethylene glycol (Carl-Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany, ≥99%) and benzyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany). The following lipids have been used in the preparation of TsMLs: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) (Lipoid, Ludwigshafen, Germany), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) (Lipoid, Ludwigshafen, Germany), and cholesterol (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany). Additional chemicals used in the study were ethanol (Chemical, Iasi, Romania), hexane (Honeywell, Seelze, Germany), cyclohexane (Honeywell, Seelze, Germany), sodium periodate (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), ethyl acetate (Chemical, Iasi, Romania), chloroform (Chemical, Iasi, Romania), ammonium sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), doxorubicin hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and Osmium tetroxide (Merck Schuchardt OHG, Hohenbrunn, Germany)