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Deltaphase isothermal pad

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Deltaphase isothermal pads are temperature-regulating devices that maintain a consistent temperature within a defined range. The pads utilize phase change materials to absorb and release heat, ensuring a stable thermal environment.

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Lab products found in correlation

Stereotaxic apparatus, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions) Stereotaxic frame, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions) Prism 5, by GraphPad (1 mentions) Guide cannula, by Bioanalytical Systems (1 mentions) Real time pxi computer, by National Instruments (1 mentions) Proparacaine, by Bausch & Lomb (1 mentions) Balanced salt solution, by Alcon (1 mentions) Tropicamide, by Alcon (1 mentions) Genteal, by Alcon (1 mentions)

11 protocols using deltaphase isothermal pad

1

Anesthetized Rat Brain Preparation

Cited 2 times
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Rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.5 g/kg i.p.) and immobilized in a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA, USA)(Howard et al. 2011 (link); Howard et al. 2013b (link)). Core temperature was maintained with Deltaphase Isothermal Pads (Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA, USA). Holes were drilled through the skull in order to position recording, stimulating, and reference electrodes using coordinates from a rat brain atlas (Paxinos and Watson 1986 ). Bregma and dura were used as reference points, and all coordinates are in mm. Initially, the stimulating electrode was positioned just dorsal to the medial forebrain bundle (AP -4.6, ML +1.4, DV -7.0), carbon-fiber microelectrodes were lowered ipsilaterally into the DM and DL striatum (AP +0.4, ML +1.8 and +3.8, respectively, DV -4.5), and the reference electrode was placed in the contralateral superficial cortex. The stimulating electrode and carbon-fiber microelectrodes were then incrementally lowered to record robust levels of electrically evoked DA. After optimization, the position of these electrodes was not changed throughout the duration of the experiment.
Robinson J.D., Howard C.D., Pastuzyn E.D., Byers D.L., Keefe K.A, & Garris P.A. (2014). METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY DISRUPTS PHARMACOLOGICALLY EVOKED DOPAMINE TRANSIENTS IN THE DORSOMEDIAL AND DORSOLATERAL STRIATUM. Neurotoxicity research, 26(2), 152-167.
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2

Stereotaxic Electrode Implantation in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

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Immediately after behavioral assessment, sham and FPI rats were anesthetized (1.5 g/kg urethane, i.p.). Following cessation of a toe pinch withdrawal reflex, each rat was then placed in a stereotaxic frame (David Kopf Instruments) with terminal ear bars. Body temperature was maintained at 37°C with Deltaphase® isothermal pads (Braintree Scientific, Inc., Braintree, MA). A midline incision was made, and the skin, fascia, and temporal muscles were reflected to expose the skull. A bilateral craniectomy exposed the stereotaxic coordinates for the S1BF and VPM. Dura was then removed prior to the implantation of the MEA. Brain tissue was kept moist through the application of saline soaked cotton balls and gauze. Finally, using blunt dissection, a 200 μM diameter Ag/AgCl reference electrode was placed in a subcutaneous pocket site remote from the recording areas.
Krishna G., Bromberg C., Connell E.C., Mian E., Hu C., Lifshitz J., Adelson P.D, & Thomas T.C. (2020). Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Sex-Dependent Changes in Late-Onset Sensory Hypersensitivity and Glutamate Neurotransmission. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 749.
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3

Chronic Indwelling Catheter Implantation

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Following the completion of PCA training and the selection of STs and GTs, chronic indwelling catheters were implanted into the right jugular veins, as described previously (e.g. Pitchers et al., 2017b (link)). Briefly, animals were anesthetized initially with 5% isoflurane in an anaesthetic chamber (Anesco/Surgivet) then maintained with 2% isoflurance via nose cone. Gas was carried via oxygen at a flow rate of 0.6 L/min. Animals’ body temperatures were maintained at 37 °C using Deltaphase isothermal pads (Braintree Scientific) and ophthalmic ointment were provided for lubrication of the eyes. Post-operative pain was managed with carprofen (5 mg/kg, s.c.), given prior to surgery and for 48 h thereafter. The catheter exited through the dorsal skin surface between scapulae. Following surgery, catheters were flushed daily with 0.2 mL of sterile saline containing 5 mg/mL gentamicin sulphate (Vedco) to prevent occlusions and minimize infections. Catheter patency was tested periodically by intravenous (IV) injection of 0.15 mL of methohexital sodium (10 mg/mL in sterile water; JHP Pharmaceuticals). Two animals were removed because they failed to become ataxic after infusion; the data from these animals were discarded from analyses.
Pitchers K.K., Kane L.F., Kim Y., Robinson T.E, & Sarter M. (2017). ‘Hot’ vs. ‘cold’ behavioural-cognitive styles: motivational-dopaminergic vs. cognitive-cholinergic processing of a Pavlovian cocaine cue in sign- and goal-tracking rats. The European journal of neuroscience, 46(11), 2768-2781.
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4

Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Mice

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Diurnal IOP measurements were taken between 10 AM and 12 PM in anesthetized animals (ketamine, 100 mg/kg; xylazine, 5–10 mg/kg) using a TonoLab rebound tonometer (Colonial Medical Supply, Franconia, NH, USA), as previously described.25 IOP was measured on a monthly basis for aging studies and on a weekly basis postoperatively in the ocular hypertensive mice. Six measurements, taken within 5 minutes after anesthesia, were collected per eye. These values were averaged to produce a single IOP value per eye for each measurement session. While the mice were anesthetized, their body temperature was maintained at 38°C to 40°C by using Deltaphase isothermal pads (Braintree Scientific, Inc., Braintree, MA, USA). Integral IOP (cumulative pressure received by each mouse for the entire duration of the experiment) was calculated using the area under the curve (AUC) tool of Prism 5 software (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA), and expressed as mm Hg-days. The integral IOP difference (∆Integral IOP = Integral IOPinjected – Integral IOPuninjected) was used as a measure of IOP exposure in the injected compared to the uninjected eye for each animal.
Nettesheim A., Dixon A., Shim M.S., Coyne A., Walsh M, & Liton P.B. (2020). Autophagy in the Aging and Experimental Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Model. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 61(10), 31.
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5

Stereotaxic Surgery and Electrochemical Recording in Rats

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Rats were given a minimum of 2 days habituation to the facility post-transport before surgery. The surgical procedure was performed as described previously 53 (link), using flat skull stereotaxic coordinates obtained from a brain atlas 90 . Briefly, rats were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (80–100mg/kg and 2–12mg/kg; i.p., respectively) and placed in a stereotaxic frame (Kopf Instrumentation; Tujunga, CA, USA). Deltaphase isothermal pads (Braintree Scientific, Braintree, MA, USA) were used to maintain body temperature. Bupivicaine was injected just under the skin and the skull was exposed to reveal bregma and lambda in order to level and drill the holes for electrode placement. For the electrochemical experiments, a combination bipolar stimulating electrode/infusion cannula (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA, USA) was placed above the posterior VTA (−5.9 AP, +0.8 ML, −8.8–9.0 DV). A guide cannula (Bioanalytical Systems, West Lafayette, IN, USA) for recording electrodes was positioned 2.5 mm deep into the brain over the shell subregion of the NAc (+1.2 AP, +0.8 ML). Reference electrodes were Ag/AgCl, and placed superficially in the contralateral cortex. For behavioral experiments, stainless steel guide cannulae (26 gauge, Plastics One) were bilaterally aimed at the VTA (−5.9 AP, +1.7 ML, −6.6 DV, relative to bregma) with a 10 degree angle.
Spanos M., Xie X., Gras-Najjar J., White S.C, & Sombers L.A. (2018). NMDA Receptor-Dependent Cholinergic Modulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Cell Bodies: Neurochemical and Behavioral Studies. ACS chemical neuroscience, 10(3), 1497-1505.
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6

Murine Electrophysiological Assessment

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After overnight dark adaptation, mice were anesthetized under dim red illumination with 0.1 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine. Under anesthesia, both eyes were treated with 0.5% proparacaine followed by a mixture of 2.5% phenylephrine and 1% tropicamide for pupil dilation. The mice were kept warm using a 37°C heating pad (Deltaphase Isothermal Pads; Braintree Scientific). A gold reference electrode was electrically connected to the cornea of one eye and a platinum wire, mounted on a fiber-optic cable, was connected to the cornea of the other eye. Electrical continuity was made using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Goniosol). Light stimuli were delivered directly into the eye through the tip of the fiber optic. Stimulus intensity was controlled by calibrated neutral density filters, and stimulus wavelength was 500 nm (±5 nm; narrow band filter) or 505 nm (±17 nm; broad band filter). Responses were recorded from threshold up to light 1,000,000 fold brighter in darkness, and the photopic responses were recorded in the presence of rod-saturating background lights. Electrical responses were amplified (Astro-med CP122W; DC-300Hz) and digitized at 2 KHz (Real-Time PXI Computer; National Instruments).
Ward M.E., Taubes A., Chen R., Miller B.L., Sephton C.F., Gelfand J.M., Minami S., Boscardin J., Martens L.H., Seeley W.W., Yu G., Herz J., Filiano A.J., Arrant A.E., Roberson E.D., Kraft T.W., Farese RV J.r., Green A, & Gan L. (2014). Early retinal neurodegeneration and impaired Ran-mediated nuclear import of TDP-43 in progranulin-deficient FTLD. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 211(10), 1937-1945.
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7

Rat Anesthesia and Surgical Care

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For all surgical and brain lesioning procedures, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine–xylazine–acepromazine (55.6, 5.5, and 1.1 mg/kg, respectively, i.p.) and received an antibiotic prophylactically (enrofloxacin, 1.2 mg/kg, s.c.). During surgery, each rat was kept on a Deltaphase isothermal pad (Braintree Scientific) to prevent hypothermia. After surgery, all rats were examined daily for signs of dehydration (which often occurred in rats with large bilateral electrolytic DMH lesions). If a rat lost >15% of its body mass over 24 h after brain lesioning or exhibited a slow recovery from the initial loss of body mass, it received isotonic saline (10 ml, s.c.).
Wanner S.P., Almeida M.C., Shimansky Y.P., Oliveira D.L., Eales J.R., Coimbra C.C, & Romanovsky A.A. (2017). Cold-Induced Thermogenesis and Inflammation-Associated Cold-Seeking Behavior Are Represented by Different Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Sites: A Three-Dimensional Functional Topography Study in Conscious Rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 37(29), 6956-6971.
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8

Neonatal Pups Carboxyhemoglobin Assessment

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To analyze the carboxyhemoglobin concentration, the 7-day-old neonatal pups were exposed to two inhaled doses of CO at 200 and 250 ppm. These chosen doses were based on animal models of lung injury and our laboratory's preliminary results, which show neuroprotection for stroke at these doses (16 (link), 18 (link), 19 (link)). The pups were placed in the hypoxic chamber. Thermoregulation of the pups was obtained using a gel pad (Deltaphase Isothermal Pad, Braintree Scientific Inc., Braintree, MA) during CO exposure. The pups were exposed to the CO for 1 h. A gas analyzer attached to the outflow will strictly monitor the CO levels in the chamber. Following CO exposure, the pups were sacrificed at 0, 10, 20, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after completion of CO and blood was collected for carboxyhemoglobin analysis.
Douglas-Escobar M., Mendes M., Rossignol C., Bliznyuk N., Faraji A., Ahmad A.S., Doré S, & Weiss M.D. (2018). A Pilot Study of Inhaled CO Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Carboxyhemoglobin Concentrations and Brain Volumes. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 6, 120.
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9

Elevated Intraocular Pressure Protocol

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Animals were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine cocktail, (100 and 10 mg/kg, respectively), their eyes anesthetized with one drop of proparacaine (0.5%, Bausch‐Lomb) and dilated with one drop of tropicamide (1%, Alcon Laboratories). Unilateral elevation of IOP was achieved by infusing balanced salt solution (Alcon Laboratories) into the anterior chamber of the eye through using an intravenous (IV) infusion set. The level of IOP increase was determined by the height of the saline bottles on the IV infusion set. Stable elevated IOP of 85–90 mm Hg was maintained for 60 min and controlled by IOP measurements using a veterinary rebound tonometer (Tonovet). Both eyes were lubricated throughout testing with an ophthalmic lubricant gel (GenTeal, Alcon Laboratories). Animals recovered on a Deltaphase isothermal pad (Braintree Scientific) until awake. The contralateral eye without IOP elevation served as a healthy non‐IOP control (CTRL).
Rocha L.R., Nguyen Huu V.A., Palomino La Torre C., Xu Q., Jabari M., Krawczyk M., Weinreb R.N, & Skowronska‐Krawczyk D. (2019). Early removal of senescent cells protects retinal ganglion cells loss in experimental ocular hypertension. Aging Cell, 19(2), e13089.
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10

Contractile Performance and Injury Susceptibility

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Contractile performance and injury susceptibility were tested in vivo as described previously (Khairallah et al., 2012 (link); Kerr et al., 2015 (link)). Anesthetized mice (2%–3% isoflurane) were placed in a supine position on the temperature-maintained (Deltaphase Isothermal Pad, Braintree Scientific) platform of an Aurora 3100 with the knee stabilized and foot affixed on the footplate of the torque transducer. The plantar flexor muscle group (gastrocnemius, soleus) was activated by percutaneous stimulation. The force frequency relationship was evaluated with 500 msec trains of square pulses (0.1 ms) between 1 and 150 Hz. The susceptibility to contraction force-loss was evaluated with 25 eccentric (i.e., lengthening) contractions.
Harriot A.D., Altair Morris T., Vanegas C., Kallenbach J., Pinto K., Joca H.C., Moutin M.J., Shi G., Ursitti J.A., Grosberg A, & Ward C.W. (2023). Detyrosinated microtubule arrays drive myofibrillar malformations in mdx muscle fibers. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1209542.
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