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Low protein binding tube

Manufactured by Eppendorf
Sourced in Germany

Eppendorf Low Protein Binding Tubes are designed to minimize protein adsorption to the tube surface, ensuring the integrity of protein samples. The tubes are made of high-quality polypropylene and undergo a specialized treatment to reduce non-specific binding of proteins.

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19 protocols using low protein binding tube

1

Microdissected Tissue Fractionation

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For the PBS-soluble fraction, 40–50 mg of frozen microdissected tissue was thawed on wet ice and then immediately homogenized in 500 μl of PBS spiked with protease (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and phosphatase inhibitors (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) in a gentle-MACS Octo Dissociator (Miltenyi BioTec, Auburn, CA). The homogenate was transferred to a 1.5-ml low protein-binding tube (Eppendorf) and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C, as previously described [21 (link)]. Then, the supernatant was collected and aliquoted in 0.5-ml low protein-binding tubes (Eppendorf) to avoid excessive freeze–thaw cycles. Sarkosyl-insoluble material was extracted using 1 g of frozen brain tissue from three brain regions (cerebellum, putamen and frontal cortex) of individuals with MSA, as previously described [9 (link)]. Bicinchoninic acid protein (BCA) assay (Thermo Scientific) was performed to determine the total protein concentrations of all aliquots.
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2

Quantifying Unconjugated RGDS Peptide

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Ninhydrin assays were performed to measure the amount of free RGDS following the conjugation reaction with ACRL‐PEG‐SVA. Ninhydrin reacts with free amines and produces a colored product. This colorimetric assay permits the measurement of unconjugated RGDS via reaction with free amines on the arginine. Briefly, prior to dialyzing the reaction solution, a 250‐μL sample was lyophilized and reconstituted in 100 µL of PBS. This reconstituted solution was next added to 100 μL of sodium citrate buffer and 200 μL of 2% ninhydrin solution in an Eppendorf low protein binding tube. This was then placed in a boiling water bath for 15 min. Absorbance of the solution was read on a Beckman DTX 880 Multimode Detector at 570 nm. A standard curve was produced using known concentrations of RGDS.
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3

RGDS Conjugation with Acrylate-PEG-SVA

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Heterobifunctionalized Acrylate-PEG-Succinimydl Valerate (ACRL-PEG-SVA; Laysan Bio, Inc., Arab, AL, USA) was reacted with RGDS (Tocris, Bristol, UK) in a 1:1.2 molar ratio at pH 8.0 under argon. The reaction mixture was placed on a rocker on its highest tilt and speed overnight in a 4°C cold room. Following overnight reaction, the solution was then dialyzed against 4 liters of ultra-pure water in a 1000 MWCO cellulose membrane (Spectrum Labs, Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA), lyophilized, and stored at −20°C. Ninhydrin assays were performed to measure the amount of free RGDS following the conjugation reaction with ACRL-PEG-SVA. Ninhydrin reacts with free amines and produces a purple colored product. This colorimetric assay permits the measurement of unconjugated RGDS via reaction with free amines on the arginine. Briefly, prior to dialyzing the reaction solution, a 250 μL sample was lyophilized and reconstituted in 100 μL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). This reconstituted solution was next added to sodium citrate buffer (100 μL) and 2% ninhydrin solution (200 μL) in an Eppendorf low protein binding tube. This was then placed in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes. Absorbance of the solution was read on a Beckman DTX 880 Multimode Detector at 570 nm. A standard curve was produced using known concentrations of RGDS.
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4

Single-Cell Gene Expression of hiPSC-CMs

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Single cells were collected using a single use glass pipette of a Scanning Ion Conductance Microscope. Negative pressure was applied to create a small suction to remove a single isolated hiPSC-CM from the platform. The sample was then collected in a low protein binding tube (Eppendorf). Total RNA was isolated using the Single Cell Lysis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), according to the manufacturer’s protocol, and cDNA produced using SuperScript® VILO™ cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), assuming a 1:1 conversion. cDNA was pre-amplified with 0.2X Taqman® probes, see below, and TaqMan® PreAmp Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and diluted with TE buffer to 133 µl. Single cell Quantitative PCR was performed using 4 µl of cDNA with TaqMan® Fast Advanced Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and QuantStudio™ 6 Flex Real-Time PCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and the following TaqMan® probes: GAPDH (Hs02758991_g1), MYL2 (Hs00166405_m1), MYL7 (Hs01085598_g1), MYH6 (Hs01101425_m1), MYH7 (Hs01110632_m1), TNNI1 (Hs00913333_m1) and TNNI3 (Hs00165957_m1). The ΔΔCt method was used to compare expression between single hiPSC-CMs cultured on 3D micropatterned substrates and flat control surfaces and normalized to hiPSC-CMs before plating (N = 4, n ⩾ 10).
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5

Optimized Vacuum-Assisted Biomarker Extraction

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Vacuum was applied using a Negative Pressure Cutaneous Suction System (NP-2, Electronic Diversities). The vacuum chamber was aligned with skin sites that received MN treatment. Each chamber had a bottom plate with up to five 8-mm diameter orifices through which vacuum contacted the skin. Vacuum as low as −50 kPa (gauge) was applied for up to 20 min. In the optimized protocol, vacuum was slowly ramped down to −50 kPa over the course of ~3 min. After stopping the vacuum after 20 min and removing the orifice plate, clear fluid on the skin surface was collected by rubbing the skin surface with a piece of sterile medical gauze (Ultrapure non-woven sponges, CrossTex International) wetted with 5–10 μL USP-grade sterile water for 30 s. This procedure helped collect extracted biomarkers from the skin because ISF may have evaporated during the collection process. The gauze was stored in a low protein-binding tube (Eppendorf North America) prior to placing in a −80°C freezer. To elute the sampled ISF biomarkers, the gauze was centrifuged along with 500 μL of sterile water at 4000 rpm for 30 min.
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6

Single Cell qPCR of hiPSC-CMs

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Single cells were collected using the in-house, single use glass pipette
of Scanning Ion Conductance Microscope. Negative pressure was applied to create
a small suction to remove a single isolated hiPSC-CM from the platform. The
sample was then collected in a low protein binding tube (Eppendorf). Total RNA
was isolated using Single Cell Lysis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), according
to the manufacturer’s protocol, and cDNA produced using
SuperScript® VILO™ cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo
Fisher Scientific), assuming a 1:1 conversion. cDNA was pre-amplified with 0.2X
Taqman® probes, see below, and TaqMan®PreAmp Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and diluted with TE buffer to 133
μL. Single cell Quantitative PCR was performed using 4 μL of cDNA
with TaqMan® Fast Advanced Master Mix (Thermo Fisher
Scientific) and QuantStudio™ 6 Flex Real-Time PCR (Thermo Fisher
Scientific) and the following TaqMan® probes: GAPDH
(Hs02758991_g1), MYL2 (Hs00166405_m1), MYL7 (Hs01085598_g1), MYH6
(Hs01101425_m1), MYH7 (Hs01110632_m1), TNNI1 (Hs009l3333_ml) and TNNI3
(Hs00l65957_ml). The ΔΔCt method was used to compare expression
between single hiPSC-CMs cultured on 3D micropatterned substrate and flat
control surface normalized to hiPSC-CMs before plating. (N = 4, n ≥
10)
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7

CSF Biomarker Quantification Protocol

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CSF samples were collected with 1.5 ml low protein binding tubes (Eppendorf LoBind, Hamburg, Germany) and centrifuged for 10 min at 1800 rpm, 4℃. The supernatant was stored at −80℃. CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, p‐tau and t‐tau) were determined by ELISA kits (INNOTEST β‐AMYLOID (1‐42), PHOSPHO‐TAU, hTAU Ag; Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium).
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8

Size Exclusion Chromatography for CSF

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Sepharose CL-6B (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden), Sephacryl S-400 HR (Cytiva, Uppsala, Sweden) and Superose 6 Prep Grade (Cytiva, Uppsala, Sweden) were packed into separate 1.5 × 50 cm glass columns fitted with a 30 µm bottom frit and equipped with flow adaptors (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Approximately 75 mL of each resin was packed by applying distilled water under gravity flow. Columns were washed with at least 3 bed volumes of distilled water and equilibrated with 2 bed volumes of sterile PBS (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) as running buffer prior to the first SEC run. Commercial qEV10/70 nm (Izon Science, Christchurch, New Zealand) column was washed and equilibrated in PBS as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The CSF-pool for SEC was created by combining equal volumes of 9 CSF samples from 3 severe TBI patients. The CSF-pool of 2.8 mL was loaded by a 5 mL sterile plastic syringe on each column and 50 fractions of 1.5 mL were collected in low-protein-binding tubes (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) for each run. SEC was performed at room temperature and by gravity flow with the running buffer positioned 20 cm above the column. Columns were washed with at least two bed volumes of PBS between SEC runs.
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9

CSF Sampling for Neurotrauma Research

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CSF samples were obtained from ICP catheters using sterile 10 mL syringes under aseptic conditions by an appropriately trained physician. After being collected every 24 h during the first 3 days post injury, the samples were aliquoted into low-protein-binding tubes (Eppendorf, Germany) and stored at −80 °C. Sampling was conducted during 2020 and 2021. Samples had a maximum of two freezing–thawing cycles.
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10

Glycoprotein Sample Preparation and Analysis

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Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP), iodoacetamide (IAA), α-methylmannoside, α-methylglucoside, TEAB, Bradford reagents, water (HPLC grade), formic acid (HPLC grade), and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The Pierce centrifuge column (2 mL), C18 spin column, and low binding tips were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ). Low protein binding tubes were purchased from Eppendorf (Hauppauge, NY). Agarose bound Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) was purchased from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Amicon Ultra 3K centrifugal filters (15 and 4 mL) were purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA). The Bradford assay kit was purchased from BioRad (Hercules, CA). Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) 4-plex reagent kits were purchased from AB Sciex (Framingham, MA). Sequencing grade modified trypsin enzyme was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI). Endoglycosidase F3 (Endo F3) was purchased from BA-Bio (San Mateo, CA).
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