Chloroquine cq 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole dapi

Chloroquine (CQ), 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and rapamycin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA (C6628, D9564, 37094). miRNA mimics, inhibitors, agomir, and antagomir were purchased from RiboBio, Guangzhou, China (miR10000095, miR20000095, miR40000095, miR30000095). ATG7 plasmid was purchased from GeneChem Technologies, Shanghai, China (POSE142067150). GFP-LC3 plasmid was constructed by the Central Laboratory of Renji Hospital. Plasmids were validated by DNA sequencing in Beijing Genomics Institute. Transfection of nucleic acids was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (11668, Life Technologies, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. When the effects of different doses of miRNA transfection were compared, the same dose of Lipofectamine 2000 was used according to the largest dose.

RT² Profiler Human Autophagy PCR Array (PAHS084ZE), RNeasy mini kit, RT² First Strand Kit, primers for qPCR validation, including BECN (PPH05670B), MAP1LC3A (PPH19436A), ATG4B (PPH15916A), DRAM1 (PPH19768F), CTSD (PPH00112F) and RPLPO (PPH21138F) were purchased from Qiagen-Sabiosciences. 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) was from BioGenex. TRIzol® reagent, 4-12% NuPAGE gels and Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) were from Invitrogen. Chloroquine (CQ), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and all other chemicals used were from Sigma. Antibodies used in this study are listed in Suppl Table 5.