Standard cell culture plates and flasks

Human BM-MSCs were purchased from Cyagen Biosciences Inc. (Guangzhou, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM), penicillin, streptomycin, TRIzol^® reagent, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, protease inhibitor tablets, and SuperSignal West Pico Substrate were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Standard cell culture plates and flasks were purchased from Costar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Fibronectin, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), paraformaldehyde, L-ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, β-glycerol phosphate, Sirtinol, Compound C (CC), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies against SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPx1, SIRT1, AMPK, p-AMPK (phospho T183 + T172), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Cell lysis buffer, polyacrylamide gels, nitrocellulose membranes, and X-OMAT BT Film were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Haimen, China). All other materials and reagents were purchased from diverse conventional suppliers.

Human adult BM-MSCs were purchased from Cyagen Biosciences Inc. (HUXMA-01001, Guangzhou, China). Standard cell culture plates and flasks were purchased from Costar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, TRIzol^® reagent, protease inhibitor tablets, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, and SuperSignal West Pico Substrate were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). ResV, NAM, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), H₂O₂, dexamethasone, L-ascorbic acid, β-glycerol phosphate, paraformaldehyde, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies against SIRT1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Cell lysis buffer, polyacrylamide gels, nitrocellulose membranes, and X-OMAT BT Film were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Haimen, China).

Fetal bovine serum (FBS), alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM), penicillin, streptomycin, TRIzol^® reagent, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and protease inhibitor tablets were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Standard cell culture plates and flasks were purchased from Costar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Melatonin, sirtinol, nicotinamide (NAM), ethanol (EtOH), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), paraformaldehyde, L-ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, β-glycerol phosphate, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Alizarin Red S (ARS), hydrochloric acid, and EDTA were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 250 mM stock solutions of Melatonin were prepared by dissolving in EtOH and diluting α-MEM to different concentrations as specified in individual experiments. Primary antibodies against SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GPX1, SIRT1, and α-tubulin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).