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Betaine is a chemical compound that functions as an osmolyte, which helps regulate the water balance and protect cells from environmental stresses. It is a naturally occurring substance found in various plants and organisms. Betaine exhibits physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for use in a variety of laboratory applications.

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2 protocols using betaine

1

Biomaterial Synthesis and Characterization

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Betaine, dimethylglycine, l-proline, sarcosine, TMAO, and methylene blue were obtained from Shanghai Titan Technology. AA and semixylenol orange were purchased from Aladdin Chemical. Irgacure 2959 was purchased from TCI chemical. PAA (average MW ≈ 100,000 g mol−1, 35 wt% in H2O), acrylamide, N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide, ammonium persulfate, N,N,N,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, and LiBr were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NaCl and CH3COOH were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. RPMI-1640 and DMEM (high glucose) culture media were purchased from Genom Co. Ltd. PBS and normal saline solutions were freshly prepared in the laboratory.
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2

Qingjiang County Mushroom Metabolite Extraction

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The sample of JFA was collected from Qingjiang County (Jiangxi Province, China) in October 2021, and verified by Prof. Wen-Ling Lai from the Gannan Normal University. A voucher specimen (No. 20211025) was deposited at Gannan Normal University (Ganzhou, China).
The suppliers of Choline chloride (≥98 %), 1,2-propanediol (AR, 98 %) and ethylene glycol (AR, 98 %) were Shanghai Boer Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Glycerol (AR, ≥99 %), xylitol (AR, ≥99 %), glucose (AR), lactic acid (AR, ≥80 %), and malic acid (98 %) were obtained from Aladdin Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). 1,3-benzenediol (99 %), levulinic acid (99 %), p-toluenesulfonic acid, carbamide (AR, ≥99 %), fructose (99 %), and betaine (≥98 %) were purchased from Shanghai Titan Technology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Xilong Scientific (Guangzhou, China) provided the 95 % ethanol (AR) and methanol (AR). The reference compounds were obtained from Chengdu Alfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Sichuan, China). The supplier of HPLC-grade solvent was Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Damou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China) supplied the remaining analytical-grade chemicals required.
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