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16 protocols using 100 spectrometer

1

Synthesis and Characterization of NaB₃H₈ Complex

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Reactions were carried out under an argon atmosphere using standard Schlenk line techniques. Solvents were obtained from a Solvent Purification System from Innovative Technology Inc. NaB₃H₈·3(C4H8O2) was purchased from Katchem spol. s r. o., and used as received. The deuterated solvent CD2Cl2 was deaerated, following freeze–pump–thaw methods, and dried over 3 Å molecular sieves.
Infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 100 spectrometer, using a Universal ATR Sampling Accessory. Solution NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance AV 300-MHz, AV 400-MHz and AV 500-MHz spectrometers, using 11B, 11B-{1H}, 1H, 1H-{11B}, 1H-{11B(selective)}, 1H-31P-HMBC and 1H-1H-COSY techniques. The 1H NMR chemical shifts were measured relative to the partially deuterated solvent peaks but are reported in ppm relative to tetramethylsilane. 11B chemical shifts are quoted relative to [BF3·OEt2].
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2

FT-IR Spectroscopy with U-ATR Technique

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The FT-IR spectrums were recorded with a Perkin-Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA) 100 Spectrometer with U-ATR (universal total attenuated reflectance) technique in range of wave number 650–4000 cm−1.
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3

Characterization of Fe3O4 and MG3-DMNP Biocomposites

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The surface morphologies of Fe3O4 and MG3-DMNPs, as well as EG5C-1/MG3-DMNP biocomposite, were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed using a 100 spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Shanghai, China) to scan in the wavelength range of 500–4000 cm−1. Thermal gravimetric analysis (Netzsch, Shenzhen, China) was conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 20 to 600 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on a 250xi instrument (Thermo Scientific, Shanghai, China) for element and energy analysis.
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4

Raman and FT-IR Analysis of Extracts

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Raman spectra of the extracts were collected using a hand-held Resolve Agilent spectrometer equipped with 831 nm laser source. The following experimental parameters were used for all collected spectra: 1s acquisition time, 495 mW power. Spectral background was corrected using iterative polynomial smoothing method. FT-IR spectra were acquired on Perkin Elmer 100 spectrometer equipped with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) module. For each reported spectrum, 15 spectra were recorded with a resolution of 4 cm-1 in the range of 4000–560 cm cm-1. A background spectrum was acquired immediately before the measurement. Both IR and Rama n spectra shown in the manuscript are raw spectra without any smoothing or pre-processing.
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5

FTIR Analysis of Solid Samples

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The FTIR spectra were collected on solid samples dispersed in KBr pellets using a Perkin Elmer 100 spectrometer, as the average of 16 individual scans at 2 cm−1 resolution in the 4000–600 cm−1 interval and with corrections for atmospheric water and carbon dioxide.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Pd@PSi-PPy-C Nanocomposite

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Powdered silicon (~40 µm), NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, HF, HNO3, palladium chloride, polypyrrole-doped carbon black, and hydroquinone were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received. We utilized double-distilled water for preparing all the solutions. The XPS for the Pd@PSi−PPy−C was achieved utilizing the MgKα spectrometer (JEOL, JPS 9200) under the following conditions: pass energy = 50 eV (wide-scan) and 30 eV (narrow-scan), voltage = 10 kV, and current = 20 mA. XRD spectra were recorded using the PANalytical X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα1/2, λα1 = 154.060 p.m., λα2 = 154.439 p.m. radiation. A Perkin Elmer 100 spectrometer was used to record the FTIR spectra from the PSi and Pd@PSi−PPy−C nanocomposite. FE-SEM investigations were performed using an FE-scanning electron microanalyzer (JEOL-6300F, 5 kV). The elemental analysis of the as-grown Pd@PSi−PPy−C was performed by EDS (JEOL, Japan). TEM micrographs were taken at 200 kV using a JEOL JEM-2100F-UHR field emission instrument fitted out with a Gatan GIF 2001 energy filter and 1 k-CCD camera. Electrochemical investigations were performed utilizing a Zahner Zennium potentiostat (German).
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Thiaborane Compounds

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The reactions were carried out under an argon atmosphere using standard Schlenk-line techniques. Dry solvents were obtained from a Solvent Purification System from Innovative Technology Inc. The thiaborane arachno-4-SB 8 H 12 , 28 the [PSH][arachno-4-SB 8 H 11 ] salt and Wilkinson's compound [RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 ] were prepared according to the literature methods. 14, 29 All other reactants were used as received.
Infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 100 spectrometer, using a Universal ATR Sampling Accessory. NMR spectra were recorded on Brüker Avance 300 MHz and AV 400 MHz spectrometers, using 31 P-{ 1 H}, 11 B, 11 B-{ 1 H}, 1 H, 1 H-{ 11 B} and 1 H-{ 11 B(selective)} techniques. Residual solvent protons were used as the reference (δ, ppm, dichloromethane, +5.32). 11 B chemical shifts are quoted relative to [BF 3 (OEt) 2 ] and 31 P chemical shifts are quoted relative to H 3 PO 4 . Mass spectra were obtained on a Micro Tof-Q Bruker Daltonics spectrometer. Elemental analyses C/H/N were carried out using a Perkin-Elmer 2400 CHNS/O analyzer.
Compounds 1 and 2 were prepared using optimized procedures that are different from those published by us in ref. 14. The new synthesis of 1 and 2 is reported below.
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8

Photocatalytic Degradation of Stearic Acid

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The photocatalytic activity of the deposited films was evaluated through the degradation of stearic acid under visible light irradiation. 52 A LOT-Oriel solar simulator with a 420 nm cut-off filter was used with a light intensity of 509 mW cm -2 [Caution: solar simulators are intense UV sources that can cause skin and eye damage]. In each experiment, a thin layer of stearic acid (98%, Fisher Scientific) was dip-coated onto the tantalum oxynitride film from a 0.05 M solution of stearic acid in dichloromethane (99.8%, Fisher Scientific). The amount of stearic acid deposited was quantified using FTIR, recorded using a Perkin Elmer 100 spectrometer over the range 2800 cm -1 to 3000 cm -1 , using the previously established relationship that 1 cm -1 of integrated peak intensity is equivalent to 9.7 × 10 15 molecules of stearic acid. 53 Once the stearic acid layer had been applied and quantified the sample was placed under the filtered solar simulator for exposure to visible light. The sample was then removed every 30 mins to monitor the photocatalytic degradation of the stearic acid layer, up to a total of 210 mins of exposure.
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9

ATR Spectroscopy Analysis of Samples

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Spectroscopy analysis was conducted on PerkinElmer 100 spectrometer (PerkinElmer) equipped with an ATR accessory with ZnSe. ATR is a technique whereby the sample is placed in contact with the ATR element (ZnSe crystal, 45 ends). All spectra were recorded in the spectral range of 650–4000cm-1 with a resolution of 4cm-1 with 32 scans. The analyses were performed in triplicates, and the average spectra were used for multivariate analysis.
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10

Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoparticles

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The confirmation of the NPs formation was assessed by the changes in color of reaction suspension. However, pH of the originator/ reducing agents before and after mixing was also used as another indicator. UV–Vis absorption spectrum of individual NPs were recorded using double beam spectrophotometer (Model no. UV-1700, Shimadzu, Japan) between 200–800 nm. The size distribution and surface morphology of each NPs were analyzed using SEM (Model # JEOL- JSM 6380A, Japan) and TEM measurements (Model # JEOL JEM-2100F, Japan) operating at 160 kV with a point-to-point resolution of 1.9 Å. EDX spectroscopy of the synthesized NPs was assessed for the confirmation of elemental composition using the SEM with EDX detector (Model # EX-54175jMU, Jeol Japan). FTIR spectra for the evaluation of functional groups were obtained in the range of 500−4000 cm-1 using Perkin-Elmer 100 spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer Inc, Waltham, MA) by the potassium bromide pellet (FTIR grade).
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