Hp β cd

A sample of etoricoxib was provided by Bright life Pharmaceuticals, Egypt, β-CD (water ≤14%), HP β-CD (DS of 4.9), SBE β-CD (water at least 4%, average DS of 6.5) (Sigma Aldrich—Burlington, MA, USA), F-melt^® Type C (a gift sample from FUJI Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Prosolv^® ODT G2 (a gift sample from JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), and Ethanol 99.9% (Lab Chem, Cairo, Egypt). All the reagents used were of pharmaceutical grade.

Ultrapure water was obtained using the Milli-Q water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Analytical grade acetone and ethyl acetate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and alcohol was obtained from Panreac AppliChem (Barcelona, Spain). HPLC-grade solvents were obtained from J.T. Baker. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), antibiotic-antimycotic solution and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco by Life Technologies Inc. MTT was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Synth (Labsynth, São Paulo, Brazil). Aβ_25–35, the genes A2M, ACHE, ADAM10, APOE, APP, GSK3β, LRP1, MAPT, PSEN1, PSEN2, HPRT1 and GAPDH, β-CD, M-β-CD, HP-β-CD, DPPP, H₂DCFDA and Rh123 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Analytical grade standards epicatechin, caffeine, catechin, ellagic acid, gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), pyrogallol (Fluka Analytical), gallocatechin (MP Biomedicals), epiafzelechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin, procyanidin B1 (PB1), procyanidin B2 (PB2), epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, samarangenin A and samarangenin B, isolated by our research group [24 (link),29 ,31 ], were used for peak identification. All other chemicals used were of the highest commercially available grade.

Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) MW 1380 Da (SR: 0.6), dexamethasone (DMS), thiourea, fluorescein diacetate (FDA), Ellman’s reagent (2,2′-dinitro-5,5′-dithiobenzoic acid), l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, Sephadex G-15, Type II porcine gastric mucin, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), calf bovine serum, a mixture of antibiotics consisting of an aqueous solution of penicillin (10,000 U/mL) and streptomycin (10,000 µg/mL), 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.3 without Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ (PBS_A), and a trypsin-EDTA buffer solution containing 0.25% trypsin were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells (CCL-163) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection.

Copaifera multijuga oleoresin (CMO) was collected from the Reserva Florestal Ducke, at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) during the summer of 2006, where this is the only species of Copaifera available. Exsiccate was properly deposited at the INPA herbarium. β-CD, HP-β-CD, albumin, Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, o-dianisidine, sodium nitrite, sulfanilamide, Tween 80 and λ-carrageenan were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich^® (St. Louis, MO, USA). β-caryophyllene [trans-(−)-caryophyllene] standard was purchased from ChromaDex^® (Irvine, CA, USA). Hydrogen peroxide was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All experiments were carried out using purified water (<1.3 μS) obtained by reverse osmosis. All reagents were of analytical grade. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used in this study and was prepared with the following constituents: 137 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 1.5 mM KH₂PO₄ and 10 mM Na₂HPO₄, pH 7.4.

HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, HP-γ-CD and Thp were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA), α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD were purchased from Wako Chemical (Tokyo, Japan) and SBE-β-CD and Me-β-CD were purchased from Cydex (Kansas, USA) and the Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively.