Metabolic cage

Manufactured by Techniplast

Sourced in Italy, Germany, United States

Metabolic cages are laboratory equipment used to measure and collect data on various physiological parameters of small animals, such as food and water intake, urine, and feces production. These cages are designed to provide a controlled environment for monitoring the metabolic activity of the animals.

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Lab products found in correlation

Au680 analyzer, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions) Clinitek advantus, by Siemens (1 mentions) Multistix 10 sg, by Siemens (1 mentions) Konelab 20i analyzer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Au400 analyzer, by Olympus (1 mentions) Bradford protein assay, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) Atomic absorption spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) High salt chow, by Inotiv (1 mentions) Model 943 flame photometer, by Werfen (1 mentions) Male sprague dawley rat, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions) Prism 8, by GraphPad (1 mentions) Advanced model 3300 micro osmometer, by Advanced Instruments (1 mentions) Stat profile phox ultra analyzer, by Nova Biomedical (1 mentions) Autoanalyzer, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions) Protein assay, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) Ph meter, by Metrohm (1 mentions) Xylazine, by Bayer (1 mentions) Ketamine, by Virbac (1 mentions) Cystatin c quantikine elisa kit, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) 1351 bomb calorimeter, by Parr (1 mentions)

48 protocols using metabolic cage

Rat Urine Analysis Protocol

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Urine samples were collected from 5 male and 5 female rats from each group in the
last week of administration. The animals were individually placed in metabolic
cages (Techniplast, Buguggiate, Italy), and approximately 1 mL samples of fresh
urine were collected for urinalysis. The collected urine samples were analyzed
using urine test strips (Multistix 10SG, Siemens, Germany) and urine
auto-analyzer (Clinitek Advantus, Siemens, München, Germany). The
following parameters were analyzed: glucose (GLU), bilirubin (BIL), ketone
bodies (KET), specific gravity, occult blood (BLO), pH, protein (PRO),
urobilinogen (URO), and nitrite (NIT).

Kwak K.W., Kim S.Y., An K.S., Kim Y.S., Park K., Kim E., Hwang J.S., Kim M.A., Ryu H.Y, & Yoon H.J. (2020). Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Powder of Locusta migratoria. Food Science of Animal Resources, 40(5), 795-812.

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Metabolic Cage Study in Mice

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Mice were placed individually in metabolic cages (Techniplast, Buguggiate, Italy) with food and drinking water available ad libitum first for 8 hours on 3 consecutive days for adaptation. Then, after 1 day in a normal cage, they were placed again in the metabolic cages for a 24‐hour collection period of feces and urine (under mineral oil), during which food and water consumption and body weight were measured. At the end of the 24‐hour period, after removing access to food for 30 minutes, blood was collected from the tail vein of mice and plasma was prepared (5000 RCF, 5 minutes, 4°C) and frozen for further analysis.

Pillai S.M., Seebeck P., Fingerhut R., Huang J., Ming X., Yang Z, & Verrey F. (2018). Kidney Mass Reduction Leads to l‐Arginine Metabolism‐Dependent Blood Pressure Increase in Mice. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 7(5), e008025.

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Metabolic Assessment in Animal Models

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For metabolic studies, animals were individually housed in metabolic cages (Techniplast). After acclimatization over a period of 24 h, animals received an i.v. or s.c. injection of the compound or of an equivalent volume (1 ml/kg) of normotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%). They were kept in metabolic cages for 24 h, during which time water intake and diuresis were measured. Twenty-4 hours after drug administration, urine samples were collected for the determination of urine osmolality and electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻), blood was collected by intracardiac puncture (10 µl of lithium heparinate (1600 IU/ml) per ml of blood) under isoflurane anesthesia, and the animals were immediately killed by carbon monoxide inhalation. Plasma and urine electrolytes were determined with an ISE 3000 analyzer (Caretium Medical Instruments, Shenzhen, China). Urine osmolality was determined with a Cryobasic 1 osmometer (AstoriTecnica, Poncarale, Italy). Plasma and urine urea, creatinine and glucose were determined using a Konelab 20I analyzer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Illkirch, France). Water excretion fraction was determined as (Plasma creatinine/Urine creatinine) * 100.

Flahault A., Keck M., Girault-Sotias P.E., Esteoulle L., De Mota N., Bonnet D, & Llorens-Cortes C. (2021). LIT01-196, a Metabolically Stable Apelin-17 Analog, Normalizes Blood Pressure in Hypertensive DOCA-Salt Rats via a NO Synthase-dependent Mechanism. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 715095.

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Metabolic Profiling of Mouse Urine

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Mice were individually housed in metabolic cages (Techniplast) and fed ad libitum on water and powdered chow. Mice were allowed to acclimatize to their environment over a 72-hour period, as described (47 (link)), prior to collection of 24-hour urine samples. Urine was analyzed for sodium, potassium, creatinine, phosphate, and calcium on a Beckman Coulter AU680 analyzer, as reported (13 (link)). The fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and calcium were calculated using the formula U_x/P_x × P_Cr/U_Cr, where U_x is the urinary concentration of the filtered substance (substance x) in mmol/l, P_x is the plasma concentration of substance x in mmol/l, U_Cr is the urinary concentration of creatinine in mmol/l, and P_Cr is the plasma concentration of creatinine in mmol/l (13 (link)). The ratio of TmP to GFR (TmP/GFR) was calculated using the following formula: P_Pi × (1 – [U_Pi/P_Pi × P_Cr/U_Cr ]), where P_Pi is the plasma concentration of phosphate and U_Pi is the urine concentration of phosphate.

Gorvin C.M., Hannan F.M., Howles S.A., Babinsky V.N., Piret S.E., Rogers A., Freidin A.J., Stewart M., Paudyal A., Hough T.A., Nesbit M.A., Wells S., Vincent T.L., Brown S.D., Cox R.D, & Thakker R.V. (2017). Gα11 mutation in mice causes hypocalcemia rectifiable by calcilytic therapy. JCI Insight, 2(3), e91103.

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Time-Course Analysis of Metabolic Markers

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A time course analysis using mice singly housed for 24 hours in metabolic cages (Techniplast) and terminal bleeds were performed on cohorts of homozygous, heterozygous and wildtype mice at 4, 5, 6, 7 weeks. Heterozygous and wildtype mice were also analysed at an additional time point of 20 weeks. Urinary concentrations of creatinine, urea and albumin are from a 24 hour urine collection.

Falcone S., Wisby L., Nicol T., Blease A., Starbuck B., Parker A., Sanderson J., Brown S.D., Scudamore C.L., Pusey C.D., Tam F.W, & Potter P.K. (2019). Modification of an aggressive model of Alport Syndrome reveals early differences in disease pathogenesis due to genetic background. Scientific Reports, 9, 20398.

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Diuretic Activity of Crataegus Extract

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Rats (other than those used in the HFD model) were randomly divided into different groups. The control group received normal saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.). Another group of animals was given frusemide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) as standard diuretic. The treatment groups of animals were injected with doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg of CE.Cr, intraperitoneally. Immediately after dosing, animals were individually housed in the metabolic cages (Techniplast, Italy) and the urine was collected for 6 hours. Total urine volume was noted. Sodium and potassium urinary concentrations were measured by using a clinical flame photometer (Model 410C, Sherwood, UK).^{31 (link)}

Akram A., Jamshed A., Anwaar M., Rasheed H.M., Haider S.I., Aslam N, & Jabeen Q. (2023). Evaluation of Caralluma edulis for its Potential Against Obesity, Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Dose-Response, 21(1), 15593258231152112.

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Comprehensive Blood and Urine Analysis

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Blood samples were obtained through retro-orbital sinus with a prior i.p. injection of pentobarbital (Euthatal). Plasma concentrations of albumin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were measured on an AU400 Olympus analyzer by the clinical chemistry core team at MRC Harwell.
Mice were singly housed overnight in metabolic cages (Techniplast) to collect urine for further analysis. Urine creatinine was quantified using an AU400 Olympus analyzer. Urinary protein concentration was quantified using Bradford protein assay (Biorad)³⁰ ^,³¹ (link) and then normalized to urine creatinine.
Enzymatic method was used to measure creatinine levels in both serum and urine.

Falcone S., Nicol T., Blease A., Randles M.J., Angus E., Page A., Tam F.W., Pusey C.D., Lennon R, & Potter P.K. (2022). A novel model of nephrotic syndrome results from a point mutation in Lama5 and is modified by genetic background. Kidney International, 101(3), 527-540.

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Longitudinal Calcium Balance Assessment

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All animals were subjected for longitudinal assessment of calcium balance at 1, 3 and 5 months by random allocation using metabolic cages (Techniplast, Venice, Italy) to closely monitor the consumption of food and water as well as excretion of urine and feces over 3 days. Food, water, urine and feces were collected at the end of day 3, and the contents of calcium were assessed by atomic absorption spectrometer (PerkinElmer, MA, USA) as described previously^{24 (link)}.

Tiyasatkulkovit W., Aksornthong S., Adulyaritthikul P., Upanan P., Wongdee K., Aeimlapa R., Teerapornpuntakit J., Rojviriya C., Panupinthu N, & Charoenphandhu N. (2021). Excessive salt consumption causes systemic calcium mishandling and worsens microarchitecture and strength of long bones in rats. Scientific Reports, 11, 1850.

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Urinary Albumin Quantification in Mice

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Mice were kept in metabolic cages (Techniplast, Buguggiate, Italy) and urine was collected daily. Urine albumin was measured by ELISA using goat anti-mouse albumin Ab (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX) for capture and HRP-conjugated goat-anti-mouse albumin (Bethyl) as the detection Ab. O-Phenylenediamine was used as the HRP substrate and after reaction termination by 3N HCl, absorbance was measured at 492 nm. Mouse albumin (EMD Chemicals, San Diego, CA) was used to generate standard curves. The detection limit of the assay was 100 pg/ml. Albumin excretion was normalized against urine creatinine measured by the modified Jaffe assay (29 (link)) as described by the manufacturer (Pointe Scientific, Canton, MI). Proteinuria in each experiment was normalized to the highest value in % and averaged to adjust for variations between experiments.

Sung S.S., Ge Y., Dai C., Wang H., Fu S.M., Sharma R., Hahn Y.S., Yu J., Le T.H., Okusa M.D., Bolton W.K, & Lawler J.R. (2017). Dependence of Glomerulonephritis Induction on Novel Intraglomerular Alternatively Activated Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and Mac-1 and PD-L1 in Lupus-Prone NZM2328 Mice. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 198(7), 2589-2601.

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Dietary Sodium Regulation of Prouroguanylin

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Animals were housed individually in metabolic cages (Techniplast, Milan, Italy) and allowed 2 days for acclimation before sample collection. Animals were initially provided with a defined diet containing normal levels of NaCl (NS) (0.26% Na⁺), followed consecutively by low‐salt chow (LS) (0.02% Na⁺), high‐salt chow (HS) (3.1% Na⁺), and a return to NS chow (all diets purchased from Harlan Teklad, Madison, WI). Food and water consumed, and urine and feces excreted, were measured gravimetrically every 6 h (Table 1). Urine was collected under mineral oil. Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations were measured by flame photometry (Model 943 Flame Photometer, Instrumentation Laboratory Co., Lexington, MA). Arterial plasma was sampled from some animals via an indwelling carotid cannula for plasma proUgn measurements. Additional animals were killed at various times to obtain plasma samples, along with contemporaneous tissue samples.

Fellner R.C., Moss N.G, & Goy M.F. (2016). Dietary salt regulates uroguanylin expression and signaling activity in the kidney, but not in the intestine. Physiological Reports, 4(9), e12782.

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