R apomorphine hydrochloride

R-(−)-apomorphine hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), S-(−)-eticlopride from Abcam chemicals (Cambridge, UK), and UNC9994 was custom-synthesized by Axon Medchem B.V. (Groningen, the Netherlands). Eticlopride was dissolved in saline, apomorphine in saline supplemented with 1 mM ascorbic acid (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; pH 7.4 with NaOH), and UNC9994 was dissolved in saline supplemented with 15% w/v (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (Sigma-Aldrich).

Tween 80, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), ascorbic acid (0.02%), paraformaldehyde, sucrose solutions, desipramine, and R-apomorphine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma (MO, USA). Xylazine and Zoletil 50 were purchased from Bayer (Seoul, South Korea) and Vibac SA (Carros, France), respectively. Mouse anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (MAB5280), mouse anti-nestin (MAB353), and rabbit anti-GFAP-δ (AB9598) primary antibodies were purchased from EMD Millipore (MA, USA). Rabbit anti-laminin (L9393) and rabbit anti-TNF-α (ab66579) primary antibodies were obtained from Sigma (MO, USA) and Abcam (MA, USA), respectively. All secondary antibodies (Alexa 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit, Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit, and Alexa 594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, CA, USA). Surgical sutures were obtained from Ethicon (4–0 Nylon; NJ, USA). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and 0.9% NaCl solution were obtained from Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute (Seoul, South Korea) and Choongwae (Seoul, South Korea), respectively. Rodent chow was provided by Feedlab (Guri, South Korea). CoQ10 was a kind gift from Somang Cosmetics (Incheon, South Korea).