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5 protocols using 485 mi 100 cf

1

Astrocyte Stimulation and Modulation

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Primary human astrocytes were a gift of B. Winner, Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, and originally were obtained from ScienCell (1800) and cultured according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In brief, cells were passaged in astrocyte medium (ScienCell, 1801) until confluency and subsequently plated onto plates precoated with 2 μg/mL poly-l-lysine (Provitro, 0413). For stimulation experiments, astrocytes were activated for 4 hours by stimulation with 20 ng/mL TNF-α (R&D, 210-TA-005) and 20 ng/mL IL-1β (R&D, 201-LB-005), 20 ng/mL IFN-γ (R&D, 485-MI-100/CF), 20 ng/mL IL-6 (R&D, 406-ML-005/CF), or 20 ng/mL GM-CSF (R&D, 415-ML-005/CF). After 4 hours, modulators were administered in addition to fresh TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IL-1β (10 ng/mL), 20 ng/mL IFN-γ (R&D, 485-MI-100/CF), 20 ng/mL IL-6 (R&D, 406-ML-005/CF), or 20 ng/mL GM-CSF (R&D, 415-ML-005/CF) at the following concentrations: afatinib (Tocris, 6812), 10 μM; pemigatinib (Selleck Chemicals, S0088), 10 μM; and UNC2025 (Selleck Chemicals, S9662), 10 μM.
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2

Differentiation and Stimulation of BMDMs

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BMDMs were differentiated by L929 conditioned media as previously described [42]. Briefly, cells were re-plated, cultured with RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11875085) containing 10% FCS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 10082147) and stimulated with various agents for 6 h or 24 h to assess for gene expression of molecular determinants of autophagy and inflammation. At the indicated times BMDMs were stimulated with LPS (50 ng/ml; Sigma Aldrich, L2630-10MG), IFNG (20 ng/ml; R&D Systems, 485-MI-100/CF), IL4 (20 ng/ml) (R&D Systems, 404-ML-010/CF), 1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nM; Sigma Aldrich, D1530-10UG).
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3

Primary Mouse Neuron Cytokine Treatment

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Primary mouse neuronal culture was treated with IFN-γ (R&D Systems, 485-MI-100/CF) or IFN-α (R&D Systems, 12100–1) at the final concentrations of 10 ng/ml and/or 100 ng/ml was added to neuronal culture at DIV12 for 24 hrs. hAST cultures were treated with either PBS, 1 ng/mL IL-6 (R&D Systems, 206-IL-010/CF) or 10 ng/mL IL-1β (R&D Systems, 201-LB-005) for 48 hrs. After cytokine treatment, mouse neurons and hAST were either solubilized with RIPA buffer for WB or membranes were extracted for γ-secretase activity assay.
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4

Optic Nerve Dissection and Culture

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Mice were perfused with cold 1 × PBS and optic nerves were removed with the eyeball attached and placed immediately in ice-cold PBS. Residual tissue was removed, and the optic nerve–retina unit was maintained in 50% Opti-MEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, no. 31985070), 25% FCS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, no. 10438026) and 25% Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (Thermo Fischer Scientific, no. 14025050), supplemented with 25 mM d-glucose (Sigma Aldrich, no. G8769) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, no. 10500064). The tissue was directly transferred into wells of the experimental setup. At the end of the culture period, optic nerves were dissected free from the retina and stimulated with 20 ng ml−1 IFN-γ (R&D, no. 485-MI-100/CF).
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5

Primary Mouse Neuron Cytokine Treatment

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Primary mouse neuronal culture was treated with IFN-γ (R&D Systems, 485-MI-100/CF) or IFN-α (R&D Systems, 12100–1) at the final concentrations of 10 ng/ml and/or 100 ng/ml was added to neuronal culture at DIV12 for 24 hrs. hAST cultures were treated with either PBS, 1 ng/mL IL-6 (R&D Systems, 206-IL-010/CF) or 10 ng/mL IL-1β (R&D Systems, 201-LB-005) for 48 hrs. After cytokine treatment, mouse neurons and hAST were either solubilized with RIPA buffer for WB or membranes were extracted for γ-secretase activity assay.
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