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6 protocols using ab51317

1

Immunofluorescent Analysis of Mouse Lung Tissue

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We followed the methods of Sun et al. [17 (link)]. Four percent paraformaldehyde-fixed mouse lung tissues were cut into 4 μm thick sections. After dehydration, the sections were collected on Superfrost Plus glass slides. Sections were rinsed with PBS and permeabilized with a 1% Triton solution for 5 min. The cells were then blocked with 1% BSA for 1 h. Primary antibodies against α-SMA (Abcam, Ab240654, 1:200), SENP1 (Abcam, Ab236094, 1:200), and Sca-1 (Abcam, Ab51317, 1:200) were incubated with the sections overnight at 4 °C. Secondary antibodies were incubated with the samples for 1 h at room temperature. The sections were mounted with Fluorescent Mounting Media with DAPI and observed under a Leica SP8 confocal laser scanning microscope at magnifications of × 200.
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2

Multiparametric Immunofluorescence Analysis

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Antibodies were directed to Ki-67 (AB16667, Abcam), calponin (SC136987, Santa Cruz), BECN1 (sc-11427, Santa Cruz), LC3B (#3868, Cell Signaling), LAMP1 (sc-17768, Santa Cruz), F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), CD11b (PA5-18727, Invitrogen), Sca1 (ab-51317, Abcam), Osteopontin (ab8488, Abcam), LC3A/B (ab58610, Abcam). Secondary antibodies for immunofluorescence were Alexa Green 488 nm and Alexa Orange-Red 546 nm (Invitrogen). 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (D3571), Prolong Gold Anti-fade mounting reagent (P36930), Slow-Fade Anti-fade reagent (S2828). Osteopontin was obtained from SIGMA (Cat. # O2260).
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3

Comprehensive Antibody Panel for Vascular Analysis

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For Western blotting and immunostainings, the following antibodies were used: VE‐CADHERIN rat (550548, BD Biosciences); VE‐CADHERIN goat (sc‐6458, Santa Cruz); PECAM1 hamster (MAB1398Z, Millipore); PECAM1 rat (553370, BD); PECAM1 rabbit (ab28364, Abcam); mKLF4 goat (AF3158, R&D); hKLF4 goat (AF3640, R&D); FSP1 rabbit (07‐2274, Millipore); ID1 rabbit (BCH‐1/37‐2, BIOCHECK); SCA1 rat (ab51317, Abcam); hCLAUDIN5 rabbit (ab53765, Abcam); pSMAD1/5 rabbit (9516, Cell Signaling); SMAD1 rabbit (9644, Cell Signaling); Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) rabbit (RB9052P1, Thermo Scientific); ERK5 rabbit (07‐039, Upstate); VE‐PTP rabbit (produced and purified by New England Peptide); MEKK3 rabbit (5727, Cell Signaling); MEK5 mouse (610957, BD); BMP6 sheep (LS‐C150156, LS‐BIO); GAPDH mouse (SC‐32233, Santa Cruz); tubulin mouse (T9026, Sigma); vinculin mouse (V9264, Sigma); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐linked anti‐mouse, anti‐rat, and anti‐rabbit (Cell Signaling); and HRP‐linked anti‐goat (Promega). Biotin‐conjugated isolectin B4 (Vector Lab) was used to identify retinal vasculature. ALEXA FLUOR 488, 555, and 647 donkey secondary antibodies were from Life Technologies.
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4

Protein Expression Analysis of Cellular Markers

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All cell culture media and sera were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, whereas cell culture supplements, growth factors, and inhibitors were purchased from Sigma. The XBP1u and XBP1s antibodies were raised by GenScript using peptide CRSSQRTQKDPVPY (XBP1u) and DSGGIDSSDSESDIC (XBP1s). The antibodies against Sca-1 (ab51317), IRE1α (ab37073), COL4A1 (ab6586), Col15A1 (ab58717), and Col18A1 (ab52022) were purchased from Abcam; antibody for GAPDH (sc-25778) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; antibody for FLAG (A4596 and F1804), alpha SMA (A5228), and all other chemicals from Sigma; all secondary antibodies were purchased from Dakocytomation.
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5

Profiling SMC and Stem Cell Markers by Flow Cytometry

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The SMC differentiation markers and stem cell markers using flow cytometry. The cells were cultured in a Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) buffer containing 2% FBS and PBS. After fixation and permeabilization, SMC-specific markers myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11; ab224805, 1:80; Abcam), calponin 1 (ab46794, 1:100; Abcam), Smoothelin2 (ab236034, 1:50; Abcam) and stem cell markers CD44 (ab238464, 0.474 μg/ml; Abcam), stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1; ab51317, 0.2 μg/106 cells; Abcam) and S10 calcium-binding protein B (S100β; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were added. All antibodies were used at the manufacturer’s recommended dilutions and cellular concentrations. Subsequently, the signals of labelled cells were detected by flow cytometry and the data were analyzed by FlowJo software (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA).
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6

Surface Marker Expression Analysis of Cell Spheroids

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The expression levels of the CSps surface markers CD31 (1:200, GB11063-3, Servicebio), CD34 (1:200, ab81289, Abcam), CD90 (1:200, ab225, Abcam), CD105 (1:200, ab156756, Abcam), Sca-1 (1:200, ab51317, Abcam), and KDR (1:200, sc6251, Santa Cruz) were determined by flow cytometry. After a 3-day cultivation, cells and CSps from different substrates were obtained and digested into single cells. After incubation with the primary antibodies for 1 h and the corresponding secondary antibodies for 30 min, Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:200, ab150113, Abcam) or Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:200, ab150077, Abcam) was used. The staining results were analyzed by flow cytometry (BD FACSCanto), and a negative isotypic control was used during the analysis.
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