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14 protocols using p benzoquinone

1

Chitosan-based Adsorbent Synthesis

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Melamine, chitosan (CS, 85% deacetylation), epichlorohydrin, sodium hydroxide, anhydrous acetic acid, methylene blue (MB), isopropanol (IPA), triethanolamine (TEOA), and p-benzoquinone (BQ) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (China). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without any further purification unless otherwise mentioned.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized CNTs

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Raw CNTs (97 wt%) were purchased from Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). Melamine, Rhodamine B (RhB, 98 wt%), methyl orange (MO, 98 wt%), methyl blue (MB, 98 wt%), chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC, 98 wt%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.5 wt%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, 99.5 wt%), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99 wt%), ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.7 wt%), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95–98 wt%), nitric acid (HNO3, 65–68 wt%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99 wt%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36–38 wt%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 96 wt%) and p-benzoquinone (pBZQ, 97 wt%) were purchased form Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Humic acid (HA, 90 wt%), tetracycline (TC, 98 wt%), potassium peroxydisulfate (PDS, 98 wt%), furfuryl alcohol (FFA,98 wt%), 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL, 98 wt%), 5,5-dimethyl-pyridine N-oxide (DMPO, 97 wt%) and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP, 98 wt%) were provided by Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without any purification in the experiments.
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3

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with Tailored Properties

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Gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), acetonitrile (C2H3N, HPLC grade), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), tetraethyl orthosilicate (C8H20O4Si, TEOS), isopropanol (C3H8O), ethanol (C2H6O), ammonia (NH3·H2O), p-methoxy nitrobenzene (C7H7NO3), rhodamine B (C28H31ClN2O3, RhB); ammonium formate (CH5NO2), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), tert-butyl alcohol (C4H10O), p-benzoquinone (C6H4O2) were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). l-glutathione reduced (C10H17N3O6S, GSH), hexadecylamine (C16H35N, HDA), branched poly-ethylenimine (Mw ~25,000, BPEI) and titanium isopropoxide (C12H28O4Ti, TIP), 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (C6H11NO, DMPO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All materials were analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Deionized (DI) water used in the synthesis was from local sources.
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4

Sodium Bismuthate Dihydrate in Photocatalytic Degradation

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Sodium bismuthate dihydrate (NaBiO3·2H2O) was obtained from Hubei xinkang pharmaceutical chemical Co., Ltd (Tianmen, China). Rhodamine B (RhB) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, China. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Absolute ethyl alcohol was supplied by Jinan Mingxin Chemical Co., Ltd (Jinan, China). Potassium iodide (KI) was obtained from Fuchen Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, (Tianjin, China). Potassium chloride (KCl) was supplied by Deen Reagent Co., Ltd, (Tianjin, China). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) was provided by the Luoyang Haohua Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, (Luoyang, China). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was purchased by Hebei Jiuxing Chemical Products Co., Ltd, (Hebei, China). p-Benzoquinone was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, China. Tertiary butanol alcohol ((CH3)3COH) was obtained from Jinan Mingwei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, (Jinan, China). Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) was provided by Jinan Fengsheng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, (Jinan, China). All the drugs and reagents were analytically purity without further purification, deionized water was used through all the experiments.
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5

Photochemical Removal of Emerging Contaminants

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BPS, PMS, PS, BPA, H2O2, furfuryl alcohol (FFA), thiamphenicol (TAP), lomefloxacin hydrochloride (LOM), enrofloxacin (ENR), and norfloxacin (NOR), were purchased from Aladdin Chemicals Co. (China). Ca(OH)2, NaCl, NaH2PO4·2H2O, NaNO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, H2SO4, Na2SO4, ethanol (EtOH), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), ascorbic acid (AA) and l-histidine (l-his), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and p-benzoquinone (BQ) were obtained from Sinopharm (China). Humic acid (HA) was purchased from Xiya Reagent Co. (China). Methanol (EtOH) was supplied by CNW Technologies GmbH (Germany). All chemical reagents were at least of analytical grade or higher purity. Ultrapure water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm−1 produced from a water purification system was used to prepare all solutions.
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6

Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium persulfate (K2O8S2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), isopropanol (IPA, C3H8O), methanol (MeOH, CH3OH), ethanol (C2H6O), p-benzoquinone (BQ, C6H4O2), kaolin (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O), and ciprofloxacin (CIP, C17H19ClFN3O3) of analytical grade, were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Rhodamine B (RhB, C28H31ClN2O3), methyl orange (MO, C14H14N3NaO3S), and methylene blue (MB, C16H18N3S·Cl) were obtained from the market. In all the experiments, all solutions were prepared with deionized water.
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7

Synthesis of Metal Nitrate Complexes

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Cupric nitrate trihydrate
(Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, AR grade), nickel
nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, AR grade), iron nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, AR grade), lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3·6H2O, AR grade), hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2, 30%, w/w), p-benzoquinone
(C6H4O2, CP grade), tert-butanol (C4H10O, CP grade), and sodium azide
(NaN3, AR grade) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical
Reagent Co., Ltd (China). Florfenicol (C12H14Cl2FNO4S, 98%) were purchased from Adamas Reagent.
5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO, C6H11NO, for ESR-spectroscopy) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, C2H6SO,
99.8%) and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP, C9H20N2, 98%) were purchased from Aladdin. All
required concentrations of the experimental solutions were diluted
with ultrapure water produced from a Milli-Q device (18.2 MΩ
cm at 25 °C).
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8

Adsorption of Organic Pollutants by Iron Powder

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All solutions were prepared in deionized water in this study. Commercial iron powders (≥98%) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and stored in air about two years prior to use. Other chemicals, such as 4-cholophenol (4-CP, 99%), maleic acid (≥99%), p-benzoquinone (BQ, ≥98%), hydroquinone (HQ, ≥99%), catechol (CC, ≥98%), HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, methanol, acetonitrile, phosphoric acid, and formic acid were also purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent. 4-chlororesorcinol (4-CR, 98%) and 4-chlorocatechol (4-CC, 97%) were supplied by Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd. and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively.
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9

Facile Synthesis of Functional Materials

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Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, Na2CO3, NaCl, H2O2 (30 wt%), HCl, NaOH, oxalic acid (H2C2O4), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), terephthalic acid (TA), ethanol, and p-benzoquinone (BQ) were of analytical grade and purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Methyl orange, crystal violet, methylene blue, Rhodamine B, and kaolin were obtained from market. The above reagents were used directly without further purification.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfamethoxazole-Silver Nanoparticles

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Sulfamethoxazole was bought from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All of the other reagents, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4, ≥99.0%), silver acetate (CH3COOAg, ≥99.0%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine N-oxide (DMPO, ≥97.0%), isopropanol (≥99.7%), disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA-Na2, ≥99.0%), p-benzoquinone (≥98.0%), and acetonitrile (HPLC grade, ≥99.8%) were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Each of the chemicals was utilized as received sans additional purification. In the process of experiments, double-distilled water was used all the time.
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