All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade. Hydrochloric acid 35–38%, acetonitrile, sodium hydroxide were purchased from Avantor (Center Valley, PA, USA). Sodium perchlorate, phosphoric acid 85%, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), ammonium carbonate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Triethylamine, dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), formic acid, HEPES were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Endoproteinase Glu-C Protease S. aureus V8 and pepsin were purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, California, USA). Pharmaceutical formulations: recombinant human insulin (Humulin S®) and recombinant insulin lispro (Humalog®) were from Eli Lilly (Indianapolis, IN, USA), recombinant insulin lispro (Insulin KP drug product) was from IBA (Warsaw, Poland), recombinant insulin aspart (NovoRapid® Penfill®) and recombinant insulin detemir (Levemir®) were from Novo Nordisk (Bagsværd, Denmark), recombinant insulin glargine (Lantus®) was from Sanofi-Aventis (Frankfurt, Germany).
Sodium perchlorate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Sodium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula NaClO4. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Sodium perchlorate is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Perchloric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fluoroethylene carbonate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N methyl 2 pyrrolidone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Bisphenol a, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium chlorate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Propylene carbonate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Benzaldehyde, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
60 protocols using sodium perchlorate
1
Comparative Analysis of Insulin Formulations
2
Comprehensive Reagent Inventory for Chemical Research
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Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), potassium ferrocyanide (K3Fe(CN)6), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), iron-III-chloride (FeCl3), potassium peroxydisulfate (K2O8S2) copper-II-chloride (CuCl2), sodium acetate (NaCH3COO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), tris, iron-II-sulfate (FeSO4), iron-II-chloride (FeCl2), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), methionine, ethanol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), disodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), and disodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were obtained from Merck (Merck, made in Germany). Cis-9, cis-12-octadecanoic acid (linoleic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4′,4′′-disulfonic acid sodium salt (ferrozine), riboflavin (vitamin B2), N-N-Dimethyl-p-phenyl-enediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD), neocuproine hydrate (C4H12N2·XH2O), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium sulfate (ABTS), ID-8 (C6H14N2O4), 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (C8H8O5), silychristin (C25H22O10), malvin (C29H28O17), pelargonin (C27H31O15), oenin (C23H25O2), arachidonoyl dopamine (C28H41NO3), callistephin (C21H21O10), and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde (C6H2CHO) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Company (St Louis, MO, USA).
3
Analytical Evaluation of Drug Compounds
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Analyticalgradereagents and solvents were used for all the experiments carried out without more purification. AP, phenylephrine, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Sodium hydroxide, acetonitrile, and sodium perchlorate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water and human plasma were obtained respectively from Shahid Ghazi pharmaceutical Co. (Tabriz, Iran) and the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (Tabriz, Iran). About 1000 mg/L of different analytes were prepared in a 10 mL volumetric flask, stored at 4ºC and in a dark place for no more than one month. An appropriate concentration of analytes was daily prepared by dissolving suitable amounts of analytes in the running buffer.
Running buffer (20 mM) was prepared by dissolving 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid in an appropriate volumetric flask, adjusting the pH by NaOH at 7. Other concentrations were prepared by diluting in deionized water and after adjusting pH, the running buffer passed through 0.45 µm syringe filter (Membrane solutions, Kent, USA).
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Analyticalgradereagents and solvents were used for all the experiments carried out without more purification. AP, phenylephrine, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Sodium hydroxide, acetonitrile, and sodium perchlorate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water and human plasma were obtained respectively from Shahid Ghazi pharmaceutical Co. (Tabriz, Iran) and the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (Tabriz, Iran). About 1000 mg/L of different analytes were prepared in a 10 mL volumetric flask, stored at 4ºC and in a dark place for no more than one month. An appropriate concentration of analytes was daily prepared by dissolving suitable amounts of analytes in the running buffer.
Running buffer (20 mM) was prepared by dissolving 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid in an appropriate volumetric flask, adjusting the pH by NaOH at 7. Other concentrations were prepared by diluting in deionized water and after adjusting pH, the running buffer passed through 0.45 µm syringe filter (Membrane solutions, Kent, USA).
4
Electrochemical Analysis of Monolayer Graphene
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The sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloride (HCl), ammonium persulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 ), concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution (H 2 O 2 ), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), ethyl acetate, ethanol, and acetone (>99%, analytical grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and used without further purication. Sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 , metals basis, 99.99%) was obtained from Merck and used as a supporting electrolyte in our electrochemical experiment with a concentration of 10 mM or 100 mM. Deionized water (pH ∼ 5.6) was provided by a Milli-Q system (resistivity $ 18.2 MU cm and TOC # 4 ppb). CVD-grown monolayer graphene on a copper foil was purchased from Grolltex Inc.
5
Redox Reactions of Ferrocyanide and Ferricyanide
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All solutions were prepared
with as-received
chemicals and Milli-Q water. Potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6], ≥99.5), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6], ≥99%), and potassium chloride
(KCl, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Fluka. Potassium sulfate
(K2SO4, ≥99%), sulfuric acid (96% H2SO4, suprapure), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4, 99.99%), and perchloric acid (70% HClO4, suprapure)
were purchased from Merck.
with as-received
chemicals and Milli-Q water. Potassium ferrocyanide (K4[Fe(CN)6], ≥99.5), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6], ≥99%), and potassium chloride
(KCl, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Fluka. Potassium sulfate
(K2SO4, ≥99%), sulfuric acid (96% H2SO4, suprapure), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4, 99.99%), and perchloric acid (70% HClO4, suprapure)
were purchased from Merck.
6
Purification and Handling of Aniline
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Distilled and unmodified aniline (≥99.5%) (sigma chemicals, MO, USA) was purified until it was eventuated to colorless liquids and kept in the dark at 5 °C. Fresh phosphoric acid (sigma chemicals, USA), analytical grade, was used. Oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN) was prepared from Nissan-IOI, Malaysia. All aqueous solutions were newly prepared using ultra-pure water from Milli-Q plus (Millipore Corp., MA, USA). All other chemicals including calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium ferricyanide, copper chloride, sodium perchlorate, and chromium nitrate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) were analytical grade and used without any purification or further treatment.
7
Aluminum Quantification Using EDTA Titration
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The aluminium source was the Al(ClO4)3•8H2O solid salt supplied by Fluka.
Aluminium stock solutions were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of the solid in HClO4 solutions, brought at pH = 2 to avoid hydroxide precipitation. The standardization of aluminium stock solutions was carried out through EDTA titrations, using Eriochrome Black-T as an indicator. Briefly, a calibrated excess of EDTA was added to an aliquot of the aluminium solution; the mixture was then boiled and, after addition of acetate buffer (pH = 6), it was back titrated with a standardized solution of Zn 2+ . Stock solutions of sodium dimethylarsinate ((CH3)2AsOONa, NaCac -Carlo Erba, purity 96%) were prepared by dissolving weighed amounts of the solid in water and titrated with NaOH. The ionic strength (I) of the working solutions was kept constant at 0.1 M with sodium perchlorate (Merck), while the desired pH was attained by small additions of NaOH and HClO4. All of the reactants were analytical grade and were used without further purification. Ultra-pure water from a Millipore MILLI-Q water purification system was used to prepare the solutions and as a reaction medium.
Aluminium stock solutions were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of the solid in HClO4 solutions, brought at pH = 2 to avoid hydroxide precipitation. The standardization of aluminium stock solutions was carried out through EDTA titrations, using Eriochrome Black-T as an indicator. Briefly, a calibrated excess of EDTA was added to an aliquot of the aluminium solution; the mixture was then boiled and, after addition of acetate buffer (pH = 6), it was back titrated with a standardized solution of Zn 2+ . Stock solutions of sodium dimethylarsinate ((CH3)2AsOONa, NaCac -Carlo Erba, purity 96%) were prepared by dissolving weighed amounts of the solid in water and titrated with NaOH. The ionic strength (I) of the working solutions was kept constant at 0.1 M with sodium perchlorate (Merck), while the desired pH was attained by small additions of NaOH and HClO4. All of the reactants were analytical grade and were used without further purification. Ultra-pure water from a Millipore MILLI-Q water purification system was used to prepare the solutions and as a reaction medium.
8
Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials
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Potassium permanganate (KMnO4, ACS reagent purity ≥99.0%), graphite powder (Purum, particle size ≤ 0.1 mm), iron (II) acetate (Fe(CH3COO)2, 95% purity), manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate (Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O, purity: ≥99%), N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (ACS reagent, 99% purity), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4, ACS Reagent, purity ≥98%) and fluoroethylene carbonate (99.9% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99.5% purity), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95–97% purity) and propylene carbonate (anhydrous, purity ≥99.9%) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Carlo Erba reagents (Milan, Italy) have supplied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt %) and ethanol 96°. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36 wt %) and titanium (IV) isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4, purity: >97%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). All reactants and solvents were employed directly without further purification. Distilled water was used throughout the experiments.
9
Synthesis of Osmium Complexes
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Osmium trichloride, perchlorate salts of
the cations, sodium perchlorate, and TBA salts of the anions were
procured from Sigma. [(tpy-PhCH3)OsCl3] and
[(H2pbbzim)OsCl3] were synthesized following
literature procedure.49 (link) Dipy-Hbzim-tpy
and Os(II) complexes were synthesized by some modified procedures
reported by us.49 (link),74 (link)
the cations, sodium perchlorate, and TBA salts of the anions were
procured from Sigma. [(tpy-PhCH3)OsCl3] and
[(H2pbbzim)OsCl3] were synthesized following
literature procedure.49 (link) Dipy-Hbzim-tpy
and Os(II) complexes were synthesized by some modified procedures
reported by us.49 (link),74 (link)
10
Developmental Windows of Perchlorate Toxicity
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