Double sided tape

To examine the particle size of ATIQCTPC, we also used SEM (50 kV; JEM-1230; JEOL). Lyophilized powders formed from aqueous ATIQCTPC (10⁻⁷ M, pH 7) were attached onto a copper plate with double-sided tape (Euromedex, Souffelweyersheim, France). On a JEOL JFC-1600 Auto Fine Coater, the specimens were coated with 20 nm gold–palladium. At 15 kV, 30 mA, and 200 mTorr (argon), the coater was operated for 60 s. The nanofeature and size distribution of the particles were visualized by examining >100 particles in randomly selected regions of the SEM alloy. Each measurement was performed with triplicate copper plates. The images were recorded on a 100–10,000× digitally enlarged imaging plate of Gatan Bioscan Camera Model 1792 with 20 eV energy windows.

The shape and size of the nanoparticles of MTCA-KKV were visualized on scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at 50 kV. For this purpose, the solution (10 μM, 0.1 μM and 1 nM) of MTCA-KKV in the ultrapure water of pH 6.8 was lyophilized and the powders were attached to the copper plate with double-sided tape (Euromedex, Strasbourg, France). Using Joel JFC-1600 Auto Fine Coater (JEOL, Japan) at 15 kV, 30 mA and 200 mTorr (argon) for 60 s the specimens were coated with 20 nm gold-palladium. The feature and size of the nanoparticles were identified by examining more than 100 species in randomly selected region on the SEM alloy. For each sample, triplicate grids were prepared and examined. To record 100–10,000× digitally enlarged SEM images, an imaging plate (Gatan Bioscan Camera Model 1792, Pleasanton, CA, USA) was used, and the energy window was 20 eV.

The feature and diameter of the lyophilized powders from solutions of MSNS, MSNS-6MP and MSNS-6MP/CDDP in ultrapure water of pH 7.0 were examined by SEM (JEM-1230, JEOL, 50 kV), and were attached onto a copper plate with double-sided tape (Euromedex, Souffelweyersheim, France). On a JEOL JFC-1600 Auto Fine Coater, the copper plates were coated with 20 nm gold–palladium. At 15 kV, 30 mA and 200 mTorr (argon), the coater was operated for 60 s. By examining >100 particles in randomly selected regions on the SEM alloy, the feature and diameter distributions of the nanoparticles were visualized. Each measurement was performed with triplicate copper plates. The images were recorded on an imaging plate of Gatan Bioscan Camera Model 1792 (Gatan, Inc.) with 20 eV energy windows and at 100–10,000× digitally enlarged.