Acyclovir acv

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Acyclovir (ACV) is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a synthetic guanine derivative with antiviral properties. Acyclovir functions as a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA synthesis, thereby suppressing viral replication.

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Acyclovir (59 citations)

10 protocols using acyclovir acv

Compound Preparation and Storage

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All compounds were prepared
as 10 mM stocks in DMSO and stored at −80 °C. The control
compounds, cidofovir (CDV; BEI Resources, Manassas, VA) and acyclovir
(ACV; Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA), are commercially available.
Stock compounds were diluted in DMSO and/or complete tissue culture
media prior to being added to cells.

Singh U.S., Konreddy A.K., Kothapalli Y., Liu D., Lloyd M.G., Annavarapu V., White C.A., Bartlett M.G., Moffat J.F, & Chu C.K. (2023). Prodrug Strategies for the Development of β-l-5-((E)-2-Bromovinyl)-1-((2S,4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolane-4-yl))uracil (l-BHDU) against Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 66(10), 7038-7053.

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Antiviral Response Assay Protocol

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Cells were seeded a day before the experiment and infected with HSV-1 or MCMV at the indicated MOI (multiplicity of infection) or MOCK infected (uninfected). One hour after infection, the infectious medium was replaced with a fresh growth medium. Samples for protein or nucleic acids analyses were collected at indicated hours post-infection (h.p.i.). As indicated, specific inhibitors or reagents were added 30 min before infection and maintained during the time course of the infection. High molecular weight polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C]), 100 µg/mL (Invivogen, San Diego, CA, USA), and recombinant IFN-β (rIFN-β), 1 U/µL (PBL Biomedical Laboratories, Piscataway, NJ, USA), 20 µM MG132 (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA), and 100 µM acyclovir (ACV; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA), and puromycin (Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Zubković A., Žarak I., Ratkaj I., Rokić F., Jekić M., Pribanić Matešić M., Lebrón R., Gómez-Martín C., Lisnić B., Lisnić V.J., Jonjić S., Pan D., Vugrek O., Hackenberg M, & Jurak I. (2022). The Virus-Induced Upregulation of the miR-183/96/182 Cluster and the FoxO Family Protein Members Are Not Required for Efficient Replication of HSV-1. Viruses, 14(8), 1661.

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Preparation and Evaluation of Antiviral ARB Ointment

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ARB (Lot No. 20140204) was supplied by Shijiazhuang NO.4 Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hebei, China. Acyclovir (ACV, Lot No: LRAA 9058) was purchased from Sigma Company, USA. ARB powders and ACV were dissolved at 10 mg/mL in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane and stored at 4 °C. If necessary, DMEM was used to dilute the substances to a suitable concentration.
Ointment was prepared as previously described with modifications [22 ,23 ]. 80 mg ARB powder was extracted three times with 10 mL 100% ethanol. Then, the all ethanolic extracts were combined and concentrated at 70 °C. Simultaneously, 40 mg of Vaseline, followed by 40 mg of olive oil, was melted in another beaker as the oily phase of the mixture. The extract was heated to approximately 70 °C, and the hot solution was slowly added to the oily phase with continuous stirring until the mixture cooled to form a 50% ARB ointment.
The average body weight of the mice was calculated to be 16 g according to the experimental rules, and approximately 0.8 mg of ARB extract (namely, 1.6 mg ARB ointment) was administered vaginally daily, so the dosage of ARB ointment was assumed to be 100 mg/kg/d.

Du Q., Gu Z., Leneva I., Jiang H., Li R., Deng L, & Yang Z. (2019). The antiviral activity of arbidol hydrochloride against herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2) in a mouse model of vaginitis. International Immunopharmacology, 68, 58-67.

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Isolation and Characterization of AXX-18 Compound

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Oleanolic-acid derivative AXX-18 is isolated from benzoin, and its separation process is completed by Shenzhen University. AXX-18 was dissolved in Dimethyl Sulphoxide with a concentration of 50 mM. The gel composition of the AXX-18 gel formulation is composed of 99% glycerol (G10007) and 1% carbomer U20 (M64011). Acyclovir (ACV) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-VP16 (ab11026), Anti-gB (ab6506), Anti-ICP0 (ab6513), Anti-ICP4 (ab6514), Anti-ICP8 (ab20194), Anti-ICP27 (ab53480), Anti-ICP22 (ab6506), Anti-gD (ab6507), Anti-FLAG (ab205606), Anti-HA (ab236632), Anti-GAPDH (ab9485), and Anti-β actin (ab9485) antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). All the eukaryotic expression plasmids, including p3Xflag-UL5, pCMV-HA-UL8, and pEGFPC1-UL52, were generated in our laboratory. All plasmids and primer information are shown in Supplementary Table S2. All siRNAs sequences were purchased from Gene Pharma (Shanghai, China), and the information is shown in Supplementary Table S3. All qRT-PCR primer information is shown in Supplementary Table S4.

Wang Z., Jia J., Jiang Y., Li F., Wang Y., Song X., Qin S., Wang Y., Zheng K., Hu B., Cheng Y, & Ren Z. (2022). Oleanolic Acid Derivative AXX-18 Exerts Antiviral Activity by Inhibiting the Expression of HSV-1 Viral Genes UL8 and UL52. Viruses, 14(6), 1287.

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Isolation and Characterization of Oleanolic Acid

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Oleanolic acid was isolated from benzoin and was prepared by Shenzhen University. Oleanolic acid was dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide with a concentration of 50 mM. Acyclovir (ACV) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Antibodies, including anti-gB (ab6506), anti-ICP0 (ab6513), anti-gD (ab6507), anti-VP16 (ab11026), anti-ICP4 (ab6514), anti-ICP8 (ab20194), anti-ICP27 (ab53480), anti-ICP22 (ab6506), were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom), anti-β-actin (GTX109639) were purchased from GeneTex, anti-GAPDH (2118) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States). All the eukaryotic expression plasmids, including p3Xflag-UL5, pCMV-HA-UL8, pEGFPC1-UL52, were generated in our laboratory. Additional information about plasmids construction and primer sequences was shown in Supplementary Table 1. All siRNAs were purchased from Gene Pharma (Shanghai, China), and their sequences were shown in Supplementary Table 2.

Shan T., Ye J., Jia J., Wang Z., Jiang Y., Wang Y., Wang Y., Zheng K, & Ren Z. (2021). Viral UL8 Is Involved in the Antiviral Activity of Oleanolic Acid Against HSV-1 Infection. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 689607.

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Amentoflavone Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus

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Amentoflavone was purchased from Selleck (S3833, Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in Dimethyl Sulphoxide with a concentration of 20 mM. Acyclovir (ACV) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cytochalasin B (CB) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (14930-96-2, St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies, including anti-ICP0 (ab6513), anti-VP5 (ab6508), and anti-gD (ab6507), were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), anti-VP22 was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-cofilin (5175S), anti-p-cofilin (3313S), anti-GAPDH (5174S), and anti-Acetyl-α-Tubulin (5335S) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). TRIzol Reagent was brought from TIANGEN (Beijing, China).

Li F., Song X., Su G., Wang Y., Wang Z., Jia J., Qing S., Huang L., Wang Y., Zheng K, & Wang Y. (2019). Amentoflavone Inhibits HSV-1 and ACV-Resistant Strain Infection by Suppressing Viral Early Infection. Viruses, 11(5), 466.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Antiviral Compounds

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GCV and acyclovir (ACV) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO) while valine-GCV (VGCV) and Tyrosine-Valine-GCV (YVGCV) were synthesized in our laboratory (Majumdar et al. 2005 ). HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, isopropyl alcohol and analytical grade and formic acid were procured from Fisher Scientific (New Brunswick, NJ). Ultrapure water from MilliQ-system (Millipore, Molshecin France) was used in all experiments and analysis. All chemicals were of HPLC grade and used as received without further purification.

Gunda S., Earla R., Cholkar K, & Mitra A.K. (2014). Pharmacokinetic studies and LC-MS/MS method development of ganciclovir and dipeptide monoester prodrugs in sprague dawley rats. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 40(3), 325-334.

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Oligonucleotide Synthesis and G4 Ligand Testing

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All oligonucleotides and primers were from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy), Table S1. The G4 ligand c-exNDI was synthesized and provided by Prof. M. Freccero (University of Pavia, Italy). The control compound acyclovir (ACV) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy).

Callegaro S., Perrone R., Scalabrin M., Doria F., Palù G, & Richter S.N. (2017). A core extended naphtalene diimide G-quadruplex ligand potently inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 replication. Scientific Reports, 7, 2341.

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Propagation and Maintenance of Viral Cell Lines

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The maintenance and propagation of primary HFF cells, the recombinant laboratory pOka strain of VZV (VZV–pOka), and the Towne strain of HCMV (HCMV–Towne) were previously described [39 (link),40 (link)]. Digallic acid was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Luteolin-7-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin, galloyl-D-glucose, gallic acid, trigalloyl glucose, ellagic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose, and acyclovir (ACV) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Mo, USA). Ganciclovir (GCV) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).

Kim C.H., Kim J.E, & Song Y.J. (2020). Antiviral Activities of Quercetin and Isoquercitrin Against Human Herpesviruses. Molecules, 25(10), 2379.

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Antiviral Efficacy of Indolicidin and LL-37 in HSV-1 Infection

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HaCaT cells [28] were seeded in 96-well plates (10,000 cells/well) containing DMEM with 10% FBS, infected with 25 plaque-forming units (PFU) of HSV-1, and were treated with free or liposomal indolicidin or LL-37 for 4 days. Acyclovir (ACV, Sigma-Aldrich) served as a positive antiviral control. Cell viability was analyzed by incubating them with 10 μg/ml fluorescein diacetate (FDA, Life Technologies) for 10 min at room temperature. The plates were quantified by means of a plate reader at λ ex = 492; λ em = 517 nm. Cells' viability was normalized to the control group of non-infected/untreated cells (intact), and was calculated as above. Liposomes at concentrations N125 μM were not tested since the turbidity of the liposomes interfered with the FDA fluorescence readouts. EC 50 was calculated as above (the term "effective" rather than "inhibitory" concentration is used since the antiviral effect was determined by a cell protection assay).

Ron-Doitch S., Sawodny B., Kühbacher A., David M., Samanta A., Phopase J., Burger-Kentischer A., Griffith M., Golomb G., & Rupp S. (2016). Reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioactivity of cationic antimicrobial peptides liposomes in cell cultures and 3D epidermis model against HSV. Journal of Controlled Release, 229, 163-171.

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