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4 protocols using horse serum bche

1

Amyloid-beta Precursor Protein Assay

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BACE1 (human recombinant β-secretase) (EC 3.1.1.8) and the BACE1 FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) assay kit Red were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (P2985; Waltham, MA, USA). Electric eel AChE (EC3.1.1.7), horse serum BChE (EC 3.1.1.8), acetyl thiocholine iodide, butyryl thiocholine chloride, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), quercetin, berberine, and the MTT assay kit were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). For the cell culture experiment, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Opti-MEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin/streptomycin were obtained from Capricorn Scientific (Ebsdorfergrund, Germany). β-secretase inhibitor III (β-SI) was purchased from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). The protease inhibitor mixture (a mixture of AEBSF, pepstatin A, E-64, bestain, leupeptin, and aprotinin) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for Aβ40 and Aβ42 were obtained from IBL (Kunma, Japan). All chemicals and solvents used were reagent grade, purchased from commercial sources, and used as received.
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2

Isolation and Structural Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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Electric eel AChE (EC 3.1.1.7), horse serum BChE (EC 3.1.1.8), acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh), butyrylthiocholine chloride (BTCh), 5,5-dithiobis[2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB) and berberine chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All required reagent-grade chemicals used in this study were purchased from commercial sources. Coumestrol and puerarol were isolated from P. lobata as described by Seong et al. [23 (link)]. The structures of coumestrol and puerarol are given in Figure 1.
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3

Cholinesterase and BACE1 Inhibition Assay

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Electric-eel AChE (EC 3.1.1.7), horse-serum BChE (EC 3.1.1.8), acetylthiocholine iodide (AChI), butyrylthiocholine chloride (BCh), 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), quercetin, and berberine were purchased from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). A BACE1 fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay kit (β-secretase) was purchased from Pan Vera Co. (Madison, WI, USA). All of the chemicals and solvents used in column chromatography and assays were of reagent grade and were purchased from commercial sources.
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4

Cholinesterase Inhibitory Assay Protocol

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Extracts were investigated for their in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity at 200 μg/mL using ELISA microplate reader. AChE and BChE inhibitory activity was measured by slightly modified spectrophotometric method of Ellman et al. (Ellman et al., 1961) . Electric eel AChE (Type-VI-S; EC 3.1.1.7, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and horse serum BChE (EC 3.1.1.8, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were the enzyme sources used, while acetylthiocholine iodide and butyrylthiocholine chloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were employed as the substrates of the reaction. 5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic)acid (DTNB; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for the measurement of the anticholinesterase activity. All reagents and conditions were same as described in our previous publication (Sevim et al., Galanthamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), the anticholinesterase alkaloid-type of drug obtained from the bulbs of Galanthus sp., was used as the reference. The measurements and calculations were evaluated by using Softmax PRO 4.3.2.LS software (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Experiments were run in triplicate and the results were expressed as average values with S.E.M.
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