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9 protocols using acetonitrile lichrosolv

1

Topical Salicylic Acid Formulation Development

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Miglyol 812 N® was donated by Cremer (Hamburg, Germany). Salicylic acid (>99%) was obtained from (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium chloride and citric acid anhydrous were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Johannesburg, RSA). Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, disodium hydrogen orthophosphate anhydrous, propylene glycol, 1 N hydrochloric acid, 1 N sodium hydroxide solution and methanol were purchased from ACE Chemicals (Johannesburg, RSA). Acetonitrile (LiChrosolv®) and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Merck Chemicals (Johannesburg, RSA).
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2

Verapamil Enantiomers Quantification

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S-(−)-, R-(+)-verapamil and racemic-verapamil hydrochloride (99.0%, purity) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Propranolol (internal standard, IS, 98.0% purity) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile LiChrosolv® (99.0% purity) were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Trifluoroacetic acid and triethylamine (98% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). All other chemicals and solvents were obtained from BDH Chemicals (Poole, UK). The water used was purified by a Milli-Q Millipore Water System (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Oasis HLB and Sep-Pak cartridges CN, C18, C8 and C2 (1 mL) were obtained from Waters Corp. (Milford, MA, USA).
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Arginine Derivatives

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Standards (NG,NG-dimethyl-l-arginine dihydrochloride ≥98 %; NG,NG'-dimethyl-l-arginine di(p-hydroxyazobenzene-p'-sulfonate) ≥ 99 %) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

The internal standard for ADMA (NG,NG-dimethyl-d6-arginine dihydrochloride 98 atom % D, 95 % (CP)) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The standard for SDMA (NG,NG'-dimethyl-l-arginine-d6 98 atom % D; 95 % (CP)) was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, Texas, USA).

Solvents (methanol LiChrosolv®; acetonitrile LiChrosolv®) and chemicals (acetic acid LiChropur®; ammonium acetate LiChropur®; 1 M HCl-1-butanol LiChropur®) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).

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4

Quantification of Antibiotic Compounds

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Ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFX), oxytetracycline (OTC), pefloxacin (PEF), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SXT), sulfathiazole (ST) and tetracycline (TET) of high purity grade (>90%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Germany). Ciprofloxacin-D8 (CIP-D8), sulfamethoxazole-D4 (SXT-D4), ofloxacin-D8 (OFX-D8) and tetracycline-D6 (TET-D6) were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). The solvents, HPLC gradient grade methanol, acetonitrile (LiChrosolv) and formic acid (98%) were supplied by Merck (Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Millipore water purification system (Milli-Q water) by Merck (Germany). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, KH2PO4, MgSO4, NaCl, Na3Citrate and Na2Citrate·H2O was purchased from Avantor Performance Materials (Poland).
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5

Polycaprolactone-based Drug Delivery System

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Polycaprolactone (Mn = 80,000 g/mol), acetic acid (96%), ciprofloxacin (98.0%) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, Mw.: 4000 g.mol -1 and Mw.: 8000 g.mol -1 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany, and St. Louis, U.S.A.). Polyethylene glycol (Mw.: 200 g.mol -1 ) was obtained from Fluka. Acetone (≥ 99.5%) was purchased from VWR (France), and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Germany). All chemicals were used without further purification.
The reagents used for the dissolution study (HPLC and dissolution bath) were: Acetic Acid (Fluka, Steinheim, Germany), acetonitrile (LiChrosolv®, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), methanol (Prepsolv®, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), sodium hydroxide (puriss pa grade, Fluka, Steinheim, Germany) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (purum grade, Fluka, Steinheim, Germany).
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6

Quantitative Analysis of Carbohydrates

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LC-MS LiChrosolv acetonitrile, sulfuric acid (95–97%), d-(+)-cellobiose (≥99%), d-(+)-glucose (≥99.5%), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (≥99%) and Dowex 50W X8 resins were purchased from Merck and used without further purification. For UHPLC analysis Millipore ultrapure deionized water was used.
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7

Optimized Pesticide Analysis in Food Samples

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All pesticide standards were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA): coumaphos, acrinathrin, chlorfenvinphos, cypermethrin and DMPF with purity ≥ 98%; and chlorferon and DMF with 97% purity. Individual stock solutions (1000 mg/L) were prepared in acetonitrile and stored in amber vials at − 20 °C. Individual standard solutions and mixed standard solutions, used for the optimisation and calibration respectively, were prepared by an appropriate dilution of the stock standard solutions with acetonitrile.
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium acetate (NaAc), formic acid and ammonium formate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). PSA and C18 sorbents were purchased from Scharlab S.L (Barcelona, Spain), and Z-Sep from Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA). LiChrosolv acetonitrile was provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). High purity water was obtained using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of PHBV and PVA

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PHBV with 3 wt.% PHV and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (average molecular weight 30,000-70,000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Fingolimod was synthesized at the Danish Pharmaceutical Development Company. Analytical grade LiChrosolv acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and other chemicals used for the analytical methods were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO).
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9

Purification of Natural Compounds

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Materials. Acetone (technical grade) used in the collection of plant materials was from VWR International (Leuven, Belgium). Acetone and methanol (analytical grade) used in the Sephadex LH-20 fractionations, methanol and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) used in the preparative and semipreparative HPLC were obtained from VWR International (Fontenay-Sous-Bois, France).
LiChroSolv® acetonitrile (hypergade for LC-MS) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany) and formic acid (eluent additive for LC-MS) was from VWR International Ltd. (Poole, England). The water was filtered through an Elgastat UHQ-PS purification system (Elga, Kaarst, Germany) or with Synergy® UV water purification system (Millipore SAS, Molsheim, France). BSA (purified by heat shock fractionation, pH 7, purity ≥98%, lyophilized powder, 66 kDa) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, US).
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