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Normal saline

Manufactured by Quality Biological

Normal saline is a sterile isotonic solution composed of sodium chloride and water. It is commonly used as a diluent, flushing agent, or replacement fluid in various medical and laboratory applications.

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4 protocols using normal saline

1

Catalase Assay for Bacterial Quantification

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We used the catalase assay developed by Iwase et al.16 (link) with slight modifications. Bacterial strains were grown overnight in 1% soytone at 37°C with shaking. Optical density at 600 nm (OD600) was recorded to estimate bacterial concentration and 2 mL of culture (6–8 × 109 bacteria) was centrifuged; the supernatant was removed; and the cell pellet was resuspended in 100 μL of normal saline (9 g/L sodium chloride; Quality Biological, Gaithersburg, MD) and transferred into 13 × 100 mm borosilicate glass tubes. One-hundred microliters of 1% Triton X-100 and 100 μL of 35% stabilized hydrogen peroxide were added. The tubes were left untouched at room temperature until the foaming stopped (about 2 minutes). The height of the foam in the tube was then recorded. A standard curve was also created using dilutions of commercially available bovine catalase (Sigma-Aldrich; 3,000 units/mg), and the final results were expressed as units of catalase (U) per 1010 bacterial cells, assuming an OD600 of 1.25 corresponds to 109 bacteria/mL of culture for all strains tested.
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2

Colon Sampling and Drug Administration in Mice

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Final dosing and processing conditions were as follows. Male 5–6 week old CF-1 mice were housed in cages with wire mesh bottoms to prevent coprophagia and food was withheld for 16–24 h to reduce the number of pellets present in the colon. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and given a 200 μL normal saline (Quality Biological) pre-cleansing enema administered with a plastic flexible feeding tube (Instech Laboratories; 22 G X 25 mm), which was optimized to be sufficient volume to clear the distal colon of pellets prior to dosing. Mice were allowed to regain consciousness for 10 min ambulatory time. Mice were then anesthetized to administer 50 μL of drug solution using a 100 μL WireTrol (Drummond) inserted at a depth of 2 cm into the mouse colon. At designated times, blood was collected into BD Microtainer tubes with K2EDTA, and plasma was obtained by centrifugation (1300 rcf for 10 min). The distal 4 cm of colon was excised, bisected open to remove pellets as necessary, and cut in half longitudinally with a scalpel. The tissue was stored in cryogenic tubes and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. All samples were stored at −80˚C after being flash frozen in liquid nitrogen.
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3

Thawing and Rinsing Cryopreserved REPS

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Frozen cryovials were maintained in liquid nitrogen for at least 1 day and up to 15 months. To thaw, cryovials were placed in a 37 °C water bath and REPS were removed from cryovials using fine-tipped forceps. Thawed REPS were rinsed in two sequential volumes (2 mL and 4 mL, respectively) of Normal Saline (Quality Biological), Lactated Ringers (Hospira), BSS (Alcon), or BSS PLUS (Alcon) at room temperature for approximately 20–30 s for the first rinse and approximately 1 min for the second rinse. Following the second rinse, REPS were transferred to X-VIVO 10 culture medium and maintained in a 37 °C incubator at 5% CO2.
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4

Compound Sourcing for HIV Research

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TFV (FT104801501) and TDF (FT280311499) were both sourced from Carbosynth (Compton, UK). CMX157 (lot 021; potassium salt) was generously provided by Chimerix (Chimerix, Durham, NC). TAF (GS-7340; lot C11/019W) was provided by Gilead Sciences (Gilead, Foster City, CA). Normal saline was obtained from Quality Biological, Inc and UltraPure distilled water was obtained from Invitrogen. Sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride powders were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
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