The collagen scaffolds (n = 20) were micro-CT scanned using a SkyScan 1272 desktop ex vivo device (Bruker micro-CT, Kontich, Belgium) with the following parameters: pixel size 4 μm, source voltage 60 kV, source current 166 μA, no filter, rotation step = 0.2°, frame averaging (2), rotation 180°, scanning time approximately 1 h. The same specimens were scanned once more following exposure to the relevant medium (SBF, PBS, blood plasma) and re-lyophilized. The total number of scanned specimens was 40. The specimens were mounted on specimen holders and scanned in the dry state in air. Projection images were reconstructed using NRecon software (v.2.8.0., Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). Visualizations were acquired using a DataViewer (v.1.5.2.4, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) and a CTVox (v.1.5, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). The volume of interest (VOI) was set inside the specimen so as to exclude those superficial parts which may have been altered via the handling of the specimens. The dimensions of the VOI were the same in all the specimens. The image processing (noise reduction, filtration, and despeckle operations) and binarization were conducted in CTAn software (v.1.18, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) and optimized using TeiGen software [28 (link)]. The structure analysis was performed using 3D analysis in CTAn. The pore size evaluation was performed using a sphere-fitting algorithm.
Ctvox
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Belgium, United States, Germany
CTVox is a software application developed by Bruker for visualizing and analyzing 3D data from CT (Computed Tomography) scanners. It provides a user-friendly interface for rendering and manipulating 3D models generated from CT scans.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nrecon, by Bruker (49 mentions)
Dataviewer, by Bruker (34 mentions)
Skyscan 1172, by Bruker (16 mentions)
Ctan software, by Bruker (14 mentions)
Nrecon software, by Bruker (12 mentions)
Skyscan 1272, by Bruker (12 mentions)
Skyscan 1176, by Bruker (10 mentions)
Skyscan 1275, by Bruker (7 mentions)
Skyscan 1173, by Bruker (6 mentions)
Skyscan 1276, by Bruker (5 mentions)
Ct analyzer, by Bruker (5 mentions)
Nrecon 1, by Bruker (5 mentions)
Ctvol, by Bruker (4 mentions)
Skyscan 1076, by Bruker (4 mentions)
Skyscan 1176 micro ct, by Bruker (4 mentions)
Dataviewer software, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Skyscan 1174, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Micro ct, by Bruker (3 mentions)
Skyscan 1174v2, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Skyscan 1273, by Bruker (2 mentions)
120 protocols using ctvox
1
Micro-CT Analysis of Collagen Scaffolds
2
Micro-CT Analysis of Bone Implants
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High-resolution micro-CT (Skyscan, Bruker) was employed to scan the obtained specimens. The scanning parameters were set as follows: the spatial resolution was 18 μm (500 projections/180°, 1 mm aluminium filter, 100 kV, 100 mA). Three-dimensional (3D) images of each group of samples were reconstructed by CTvox (Skyscan, Bruker) software. Reconstructed data were further analyzed by CT-Analyzer through controlling the minimum grey threshold value of 30 and the maximum of 255. The region of interest (ROI) was determined as a column (1.5 mm in diameter) from the centre of the implant and 1.0 mm above the epiphyseal growth layer line.50 axial images were reconstructed into a 3D image which was used to measure the bone parameters. The important bone parameters, including new bone volume over total bone volume (BV/TV), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), were calculated (n = 4).
3
Micro-CT Scanning of BICA Specimens
4
Micro-CT Analysis of Murine Tibiae
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Tibiae were carefully excised and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, rinsed in PBS and stored in PBS. Tibiae were scanned using the Skyscan 1276 (micro-computed tomography imager, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium) at 9 μm resolution, 0.25 mm aluminium filter, 56 kV voltage, 200 μA, 560 ms exposure time, and 0.4° step rotation with frame averaging of 2. Images were reconstructed and analyzed using NRecon (v1.7.4.6, Bruker), Dataviewer (v1.5.6.2, Bruker), CT Analyzer (CTAn; v1.18.8.0, Bruker) and CTVox (v3.3.0 r1403, Bruker). Tibial lengths were determined after scanning. Regions of interest were determined as described previously (Chan et al., 2021 (link)). The trabecular bone was assessed in the proximal region commencing at 3% of bone length from the growth plate and extended distally for a total of 13.5% (equivalent to 0.5-3 mm of the growth plate). For cortical bone, a region of interest beginning at 50% of bone length and extending distally for 2% (approximately 0.5 mm) was used for three-dimensional cortical bone analyses using CT Analyzer. Representative images were taken at the mid-diaphysis (50% of bone length) using a pseudodensity filter in CTVox. The length of the tibial crest was measured using a custom script written in FIJI/ImageJ using individual cross-sectional images spanning 15 to 40% of the tibial length, as described previously (Chan et al., 2023 (link)).
5
Micro-CT Imaging of Mouse Hearts
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The hearts of six adult mice (15 months) of either sex were perfused in Langendorff mode for the purposes of optical mapping of electrical impulse propagation (Olejnickova et al., 2021 (link)) followed by fixation for 24 h in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS at 4 C. The hearts were then processed for micro‐computed tomographic (CT) examination essentially as described recently (Gregorovicova et al., 2022 (link)), keeping the specimens in iodine solution for 1 month. The specimens were scanned in a plastic tube immersed in phosphate‐buffered saline with the following scanning parameters: pixel size = 7.5 μm, source voltage = 90 kV, source current = 111 μA, filter: Al 0.5 mm + Cu 0.038 mm, rotation step = 0.2°, frame averaging = 2, specimen rotation of 180°, camera binning 2 × 2, scanning time = approx. 3 h per specimen. Flat‐field correction was updated prior to each scanning. Scans were acquired using SkyScan 1272 (Bruker micro‐CT, Belgium). Projection images were reconstructed with NRecon (Bruker micro‐CT, Belgium) with the adequate setting of correction parameters (misalignment, smoothing, ring‐artifact correction and beam hardening). 3D visualization was created by CT Vox (Bruker micro‐CT, Belgium). CTAn (Bruker micro‐CT, Belgium) was used to perform image processing.
6
MicroCT Imaging of Natural Graphite Composites
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MicroCT was performed on a Skyscan 1272 (Bruker). The NGC samples were secured vertically by coating the brass platform surface with dental wax and inserting 1 mm of the NGC into dental wax in order to stabilize the sample against toppling during rotation. The samples were scanned without any filters with a voxel size of 9 µm3 at 50 kV/200 µA, in 0.7° increments, with an exposure time of 303 ms over 360° of the sample. The scanned images were cropped to select only the samples, reconstructed, analysed, rendered, and visualised with Nrecon (v1.6.9.8 Bruker, using the Feldkamp algorithm), a CT analyzer (v1.14.4.1, Bruker), CTvol (v2.2.3.0 Bruker), and CTvox (v2.7.0 r990, Bruker), respectively. In order to minimise the well-known CT reconstruction artefacts, all samples were subject to misalignment compensation and beam hardening correction which prevents the mis-calibration of cells in the digital x-ray detectors and image streaking caused by adjacent high attenuation objects.
7
Micro-CT Quantification of Mouse Bone Morphology
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The mouse maxillae and femur were scanned with a voxel size of 10 μm3 through a 1.0 mm aluminum filter at 60 kVp and 166 μA (SkyScan 1275; Bruker). Two-dimensional reconstruction images were generated by N Recon (Bruker) with X-Y alignment and dynamic range adjustment. Three-dimensional representative images were generated in CTVox (Bruker). Morphological parameters of trabecular bone microarchitecture in femur were evaluated by CTAn (Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium).45 (link) Epiphyseal growth plate was defined to be the starting point of region of interest (ROI) and three-tenths of total femur length was calculated as the size of ROI. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV; %) of the femur from each mouse was collected by measure bone volume (BV; mm3) and the total volume (TV; mm3). Newly formed bone in the tooth-extracted sites, displayed as percentage of BV/TV, was also quantified by selecting a volume containing the distal lingual, distal buccal, and mesial roots.
8
Characterizing Freeze-Dried Hydrogel Pore Structure
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Freeze-dried hydrogels were scanned using a Skyscan 1172 (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) with 80 kV beam voltage and 100 μA current, 140 ms exposure per projection, 12.99 μm pixel size, rotation step 0.6° and 4 frame averaging. The same parameters were used for all scans. The XY projections were reconstructed into a 3D model using NRecon (Bruker). A cylindrical volume of interest was taken in the centre of each sample, excluding any outside space. A binary threshold was then applied to this volume of interest to separate polymer material and air in the pores of the sample. The pore size distribution was then calculated using the 3D analysis software in CTAn (Bruker). Sample reconstructions were visualized in 3D using CTVox (Bruker). The experiments were conducted in triplicate.
9
Comprehensive Cardiac Scar Quantification
10
Microstructural Analysis of Rat Femurs
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Femurs were harvested immediately postmortem from male Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River) and frozen at −20 °C until further use. The distal end, with an approximate volume of 30 mm3, was removed and placed in 2 w/v% alginate solution, with or without 0.2 M HMP, adjusted to pH 7. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans were taken at 0, 7, and 14 days with a SkyScan 1172 (Bruker), using the following settings: 0.5 mm aluminium filter, current 100 mA, voltage 75 kV, exposure time 950 ms, pixel size 5.4 μm, camera resolution 2000 × 1332 pixels, rotation step 0.3°, frame averaging 10. Scans were reconstructed using NRecon (version 1.6.10.2, Bruker), and 3D models were produced in CTVox (version 3.0.0, Bruker). The same scanning, reconstruction, and postreconstruction parameters were used for all scans.
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